Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is subsistence farming?
Producing enough to meet the needs of the Family
What was the main economic activity in all colonies?
Farming
What is commercial agriculture?
When larger amounts of crops are produced to make a profit.
Why did New England farmers practice subsistence farming?
Long, harsh winters and thin, rocky soil
What were the two main industries of the New England colonies?
Shipbuilding and Fishing
What is the triangular trade?
Trade route between three destinations, such as Britan, West Africa, and the West Indes.
What were the main items traded in the Triangular Trade?
Sugar and Molasses – West Indies > New England
Rum – New England > West Africa
Slaves – West Africa > West Indes
What was the name of the slave transporting leg of the Triangular Trade?
The Middle Passage
Where was the hub of the shipping trade in America?
New England
What is a cash crop?
A crop that can be sold easily in markets.
What were the two main cash crops of the Middle Colonies?
Wheat & Oats
Which colonial region was known for its diverse population of German and Scotch-Irish citizens?
The Middle Colonies
What was the main cash crop in Virginia and Maryland?
Tobacco
What was the main cash crop in Georgia and South Carolina?
Rice
What did rice and tobacco have in common (why slaves were used to harvest them)?
They were both very labor intensive.
What is supply and demand?
- Prices go up when there is more demand than supply
- Prices go down when there is more supply than demand
What is the region of the Southern colonies where the plantations resided?
The Tidewater Area
What were the strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of slaves in the colonies?
The Slave Codes
How did England view the colonies economically?
As an Economic Resource
How do you make money on trade?
You must Export more than you Import
What were the Navigation Acts?
Laws passed by England that ensure that they make money by directing the flow of goods between England and the Colonies by forcing people to use British ships
What established a limited government in the 13th century and inspired the US Constitution?
The Magna Carta (1215)
Who was allowed to vote in the mid 1700’s in the colonies?
White men who owned property.
What was the religious revival that swept through the colonies?
The Great Awakening
What was the Enlightenment?
Belief that knowledge, science, and reason could improve society
What was the name of the book Benjamin Franklin wrote after being inspired by the Enlightenment?
“Poor Richard’s Almanack”
Who was the newspaper publisher that was charged with a crime for accusing the governor of New York of being corrupt?
John Peter Zenger
Where is the land area that the British and French fought over because of the fur trade?
The Ohio River Valley
What was the most powerful group of Native Americans in the East?
The Iroquois Confederacy
Who was sent to tell the French to leave the Ohio River Valley and struck the first blow against the French?
George Washington
What is a militia?
A group of citizens trained to fight in emergencies
What did the Albany Plan of Union want to do?
It called for a general government for the 13 colonies.
What was the name of the political cartoon that encouraged the colonies to approve the Albany Plan of Union?
“Join or Die”
What was the name of the war between the French and British in Europe?
The “Seven Years War”
What is the name of the fort that the Cherokee burned down in modern day Tennessee?
Fort Loudon
Who oversaw the colonial war effort in London and was the cause of the British turnaround?
William Pitt
What was the most important victory for the British in the F&I War?
The Battle of Quebec (New France’s Capital)
What did the Treaty of Paris 1763 do?
It ended the French and Indian War & Ended France’s Power in North America.
Who was the Ottawa chief who believed the British were threatening their way of life?
Pontiac (Pontiac’s War)
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
It halted western expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains by the Colonists… To Appease Native Americans
