Chapter 19 Flashcards
What are subsidies?
Financial and land grants offered to companies that were willing to build
What would the Transcontinental Railroad do?
Connect the Atlantic to the Pacific.
What railroad group worked eastward from Sacramento?
The Central Pacific Line
What railroad group worked westward from Omaha?
The Union Pacific Line
The Central Pacific Railroad relied on workers that moved from what country?
China
The Union Pacific Railroad relied on workers that moved from what country?
Ireland
What occurred on May 10, 1869?
Workers completed the Transcontinental Railroad with a golden spike driven by the governor of California
What was significant about the final spike in the Transcontinental Railroad?
It was made of gold
What did the American Railway Association do to our country in 1883?
Divided into four time zones
What were open ranges?
Land not fenced in or divided into lots
What were long drives?
A cattle drive over hundreds of miles to get cattle to the railroad junction in Kansas City, Missouri.
What were three challenges that faced the American Cowboy?
Tough Weather
Rustlers who tried to steal cattle
Stampedes
What was passed by Congress in 1862 to encourage people to move to the Great Plains?
The Homestead Act (1862)
How much land is an acre?
About the size of a football field.
What invention by John Deere allowed farmers to break through the tough Midwestern sod?
The Steel Plow
What was used to keep livestock in a contained area and to mark territory?
Barbed Wire
What Sioux chief didn’t want to sell the Black Hills area of the Dakotas to the US Gov’t?
Chief Sitting Bull
What was Chief Joseph’s famous quote about Native American attitudes at this time?
“From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.”
Who was the last Native American to surrender in the Apache Wars?
Geronimo
What two things did the Dawes Act do?
Broke up reservation land individually and removed tribal affiliations.
What three ways were Native American students taught to assimilate in boarding schools?
Dress and act like European Americans
Taught English and couldn’t use their native languages.
Given European names
What caused the Wounded Knee Massacre?
The accidental discharge of a weapon
What battle caused the end of armed conflict between the US and Indians?
The Wounded Knee Massacre
Who had his last stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn
George Custer
