Chapter 4 Flashcards
A disease that cannot be transmitted from infected host to susceptible host
Noncommunicable Disease (noninfectious disease)
An illness caused by some specific biological agent or it’s toxic products that can be transmitted from an infected person, animal, or inanimate reservoir to a susceptible host
Communicable (infectious) Disease
The ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host
Infectivity
The capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host
Pathogenicity
A visual representation of the interrelationships among causative agent, host, and environment
Communicable Disease Model
The cause of the disease or health problem
Agent (pathogenic agent)
A person or other living organism that affords subsistence or lodgment to a communicable agent under natural conditions
Host
A model to conceptualizer the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a susceptible host
Chain of Infection
A person who is sick with a disease
Case
A person or animal that harbors a specific communicable agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection to others
Carrier
A communicable disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans
Zoonosis
A disease that infects only humans
Anthroponosis
The immediate transfer of an infectious agent by direct contact between infected and susceptible individuals
Direct Transmission
Communicable disease transmission involving an intermediate step
Indirect Transmission
An inanimate material or object that can serve as a source of infection
Vehicle
A living organism, usually am arthropod, that can transmit a communicable agent to susceptible hosts
Vector
The cause of a disease
Etiology
A visual representation of the host together with various internal mad external factors that promote and protect against disease
Multicausation Disease Model
A chronic disease characterized by damage to the coronary arteries in the heart
Coronary Heart Disease
A chronic disease characterized by damage to blood vessels of the brain resulting in disruption of circulation to the brain
Cerebrovascular Disease (stroke)
Uncontrolled new tissue growth resulting from cells that have lost control over their growth and division
Malignant Neoplasm
The spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body by the circulatory or lymphatic system
Metastasis
The planning for and taking of action to forestall the onset of a disease or other health problem
Prevention
Efforts to control a disease in progress
Intervention
The complete elimination or uprooting of a disease
Eradication
Preventative measures that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or injury to limit disability and prevent more severe pathogens
Secondary Prevention
Measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogens
Tertiary Precention
The separation of infected persons from those who are susceptible
Isolation
Limitation of freedom of movement of those who have been exposed to a disease and may be incubating it
Quarantine
The killing of communicable disease agents outside the host
Disinfection
Disease agents, such as HIV, that are transmissible in blood and other body fluids
Bloodborne Pathogens
A set of regulations promulgated by OSHA that sets forth the responsibilities of employers and employees with regard to precautions to be taken concerning bloodborne pathogens in the workplace
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Factors contributing to the development of a noncommunicable disease that cannot be altered by modifying ones behavior or environment
Unmodifiable Risk Factors
Factors contributing to the development of a non communicable disease that can be altered by modifying ones behavior or environment
Modifiable Risk Factors
Factors of the Communicable Disease Model
Agent, Host, Environment
Chain of infection
The pathogenic agents leaves it’s reservoir via a portal of exit. Transmission occurs in either a direct or indirect manner, and the pathogenic agent enters a susceptible host through a portal of entry to establish infection.
3 types of indirect transmission
Airborne, vehicleborne, vectorborne
Examples of Primary Prevention
Health Education and Health Promotion Programs
Safe-housing Projects
Immunization against specific diseases
Practice of personal hygiene
Examples of Secondary Prevention
Health screenings
Examples of Tertiary Prevention
Therapy for a heart patient
