Chapter 3 Flashcards
An unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event in a particular population
Epidemic
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specialized populations
Epidemiology
A disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course
Endemic Disease
One who practices epidemiology
Epidemiologist
An outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent
Pandemic
People afflicted with a disease
Cases
The number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time
Rate
The number of live births divided by the total population
Natality Rate
The rate of illness in a population
Morbidity Rate
The number of deaths in a population divided by the total population
Mortality Rate
Those in the population who are susceptible to a particular disease or condition
Population at Risk
The number of new health-related events or cases of a disease in a population exposed to that risk during a particular period of time, divided by the total number in that same population
Incidence Rate
A disease that lasts three months or less
Acute Disease
The number of new and old cases of a disease in a population in a given period of time, divided by the total number in that population
Prevalence Rate
A disease or health condition that lasts longer than three months
Chronic Disease
An incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak and expressed as a percentage
Attack Rate
A rate in which the denominator includes the total population
Crude Rate
The number of live births per 1,000 in a population in a given period of time
Crude Birth Rate
The number of deaths (from all causes) per 1,000 in a population in a given period of time
Crude Death Rate
Rate used to make comparisons of relative risks across groups and over time when groups differ in age structure
Age-adjusted Rate
A rate that measures morbidity or mortality for particular populations or diseases
Specific Rate
The death rate due to a particular disease
Cause-specific mortality rate
The percentage of cases of a particular disease that result in death
Case Fatality Rate
The percentage of overall morality in a population that is attributable to a particular cause
Proportionate Mortality Ratio
Infectious disease for which health officials request or require reporting for public health reasons
Notifiable Diseases
The electronic reporting system used by state health departments and the CDC
National Electronic Telecommunications System
The average number if years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time
Life Expectancy
The number of years lost when death occurs before the age of 65 or 75
Years of Potential Life Lost
A measure for the burden of disease that takes into account premature death and loss of healthy life resulting from disability
Disability-Adjusted Life Years
The number of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy
The enumeration of the population of the United States that is conducted every 10 years
U.S. Census
Statistical summaries of records of major life events such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and infant deaths
Vital Statistics
An epidemiological study that describes an epidemic with respect to person, place, and time
Descriptive Study
A graphic display of the cases of disease according to the time or date of onset symptoms
Epidemic Curve
An epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases that all can be traced to a single source of exposure
Point Source Epidemic Curve
The period between exposure to a disease and the onset of symptoms
Incubation Period
An epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure
Propagated Epidemic Curve
An epidemiological study aimed at testing hypothesis
Analytic Study
Factors that increase the probability of disease, injury, or death
Risk Factors
An analytic, epidemiological study in which the investigator observes the natural course of events, noting exposed and unexposed subjects and disease development
Observational Study
A study that seeks to compare those diagnosed with a disease with those who do mot have the disease for prior exposure to specific risk factors
Case / Control Study
An epidemiological study in which a cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors and observed to determine the rates at which disease develops in each class
Cohort Study
A group of people who share some important demographic characteristic (year of birth for example)
Cohort
A probability statement about the association between a particular disease and a specific risk factor, resulting from a case / control study
Odds Ratio
A statement of the relationship between the risk of acquiring a disease when a specific risk factor is present and the risk of acquiring the same disease when the risk factor is absent
Relative Risk
Analytic studies In which the investigator allocates exposure or intervention and follows development or disease
Experimental (interventional) studies
A blank treatment
Placebo
5 Leading Causes of Death
Heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, unintentional injuries
