chapter 4

Question 1

eclipsed vs staggered conformation

Answer 1

eclipse - C-H bonds all aligned (0 degrees apart)

staggered - the C-H bonds on one C bisect the H-C-H bond angle on adjacent C (60 degrees apart)

Question 2

types of staggered conformations

Answer 2

anti - CH3 groups 180 degrees apart, most stable, lowest energy

gauge - CH3 groups 60 degrees apart, less stable, more energy, steric strain

Question 3

torsional strain vs steric strain

Answer 3

ts - inc. in energy from eclipsing interactions

ss - inc. in energy when atoms are forced too close to each other

Question 4

oxidation vs reduction

Answer 4

oxidation:

• loss of electrons
• inc. in C-Z bonds, dec in C-H bonds, # of pie bonds inc., produces CO2

reduction:

• gain of electrons
• dec. in C-Z bonds, inc. in number of C-H bonds