chapter 1

Question 1

bond length trend

Answer 1

• decreases across row and increases down column
• increasing bond length:
  1. triple, double, single
  2. sp, sp2, sp3

Question 2

bond strength

Answer 2

increasing strength:

1. single, double, triple
2. sp3, sp2, sp

Question 3

electronegativity trend

Answer 3

increases across row and decreases down column

Question 4

polar bond

Answer 4

• whenever C or H is bonded to N, O, or any halogen the bond is polar

Question 5

isomers vs resonance structures

Answer 5

isomers- same CHEMICAL FORMULA, diff. arrangement of atoms and electrons

Resonance - same PLACEMENT OF ATOMS, diff. electron arrangement

Question 6

geometry

Answer 6

• count only lone pairs and atoms
• linear/2 groups/180/sp
• trigonal planar/3 groups/120/sp2
• tetrahedral/4 groups/109.5/sp3 (bent molecule: 2 atoms, 1 lone pair or trigonal pyramid: 3 atoms, 1 lone pair)

Question 7

double bond and triple bond

Answer 7

double: 1 sigma, 1 pie
triple: 1 sigma, 2 pie

Question 8

isotope
atomic/mass #
atomic weight

Answer 8

isotope - same p+e, diff. n

atomic/mass # - total p+n

atomic weight - av. weight of all isotopes of element

mass#-p = n