Chapter 4 Flashcards
Attachment
- Ainesworth
- Affectionate tie an infant forms with caregiver.
- tie binds them together in space and endures over time.
Emotional Self-Regulation
- Directly connected to maturation of the anterior cingulate gyrus
- Particular people begin to arouse specific emotions
- Toddlers get angry when a teasing older sibling approaches them or react with fear when entering the doctor’s office.
- Memory triggers specific emotions based on previous experiences.
Disorganized Attachment
- Infants inconsistent reactions to caregivers departure and return.
- NO evident strategy for social interaction.
- Hostile/ Aggressive
- Elevated levels of cortisol in reaction to stress.
Insecure-resistant Attachment
- When mom leaves child is unhappy, may stop playing.
- When mom returns child is angry, may cry and hit her.
Insecure-avoidance attachment
- mom leaves and child continues to play
- mom returns and child ignores her.
Secure Attachment
- Comfortable and confident
- caregiver is the base for exploration.
- Provides assurance proximity seeking ( inspection) and contact maintaining (child looks back at adult to vocalize)
Strange Situation
- laboratory procedure for measuring att. by evoking infants’ reactions to the stress of various adults’ comings and goings in an unfamiliar playroom.
- Exploration of the toys.
- Reaction to the caregiver’s departure.
- Reaction to the caregiver’s return.
Trust vs Mistrust
- Erickson’s 1st crisis of psychosocial development.
- Infants lean whether the world can be trusted to satisfy basic needs.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- 18 months
- Self-Awareness emerges
- 2nd crisis of development
- toddlers want autonomy(self rule) over their bodies without feeling shameful.
Social referencing
-How to react to an unfamiliar/ambiguous object or event by observing other expressions and reactions.
Working Model
Set of assumptions that the individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences
A person might assume that other people are trustworthy and be surprised by evidence that this working model of human behavior is erroneous.
The child’s interpretation of early experiences is more important than the experiences themselves.
New working models can be developed based on new experiences or reinterpretation of previous experiences.
Separation Anxiety
- Tears, dismay, or anger when a familiar caregiver leaves.
- If it remains strong after age 3, it may be considered an emotional disorder.
Temperament
- Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation
- Temperament is epigenetic, originating in the genes but affected by child-rearing practices
Stranger Anxiety
-Infant no longer smiles at any friendly face but cries or looks frightened when an unfamiliar person moves too close
Synchrony
-coordination, rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and infant.
