Chapter 3

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

• one of billions of nerve cells in the CNS( brain and spinal cord).
• 70% in cortex, final part to mature is the pre-frontal cortex.

Question 2

Pruning

Answer 2

• Unused connections in the brain atrophy and die.
• dendrite loss, is increased brain power.
• dendrites bring messages to cell body of neuron.

Question 3

Synapse

Answer 3

intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons.
-Critical communication links in the brain.

Question 4

Deferred imitation

Answer 4

• mental combinations allow children to copy behavior they noticed hours or days earlier.
• infant first perceives something and makes…

Question 5

Kwashiorkor

Answer 5

-disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which protein deficiency makes the child vulnerable to measles, diarrhea and the flu.

Question 6

Marasmus

Answer 6

• first year of life, body tissues waste away.

- severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, growth stops and infant eventually dies.

Question 7

Object Permanence

Answer 7

• Realization that objects still exist even if they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard.
• Around 8 mths, Piaget.

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

-New experiences are interpreted to fit into or assimilate with old ideas.

Question 9

Accommodation

Answer 9

-Old ideas are restructured to include, or accommodate new experiences.

Question 10

Little Scientist

Answer 10

• Stage 5 toddler (12-18mnths) who experiments w/o anticipating results.
• Use trail and error in activity and exploration.

Question 11

Babbling

Answer 11

• Extended repetition of syllables, bababa.

- 6-9 months, gestures come before language (pointing 10 months) .

Question 12

Holophase

Answer 12

-single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought (DaDa!)

Question 13

Child Directed Speech

Answer 13

-high pitched, simplified and repetitive way adults speak to infants. (Baby talk, mother ease).

Question 14

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Answer 14

• Chomsky

- Hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, grammar, vocab, and intonation.

Question 15

Neurotransmitters

Answer 15

-brain chemical that carries info from axon of a sending neuron to the dendrites of a receiving neuron.

Question 16

Self-Righting

Answer 16

• Inborn drive to remedy deficits.
• to return to sit/stand after being tipped over.
• All ages both physical and emotional.

Question 17

Gross Motor Skills

Answer 17

• Learned abilities to move large body parts.

- Large leap

Question 18

Fine Motor Skills

Answer 18

• Small body movements, hands and fingers

- Ex: Drawing or picking up a coin, movement of the tongue, jaw or lips.

Question 19

Mirror Neurons`

Answer 19

-Cells in an observers brain that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way they would if the observer had actually performed the action.

Question 20

Sensation

Answer 20

• Sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) detects a stimulus.
• Outer organ meets anything that can be ^

Question 21

Perception

Answer 21

• Mental processing of sensory info when the brain interprets a sensation.
• Perception follows sensations, when senses are noticed bu the brain and cognition also follows perception.

Question 22

Scheme

Answer 22

• Organized conception of something.

- Piaget.

Question 23

Major Reflexes Important for Survival

Answer 23

breathing, thrashing, shivering, sucking, rooting, swallowing, spitting up.