Chapter 3 Flashcards
Neuron
- one of billions of nerve cells in the CNS( brain and spinal cord).
- 70% in cortex, final part to mature is the pre-frontal cortex.
Pruning
- Unused connections in the brain atrophy and die.
- dendrite loss, is increased brain power.
- dendrites bring messages to cell body of neuron.
Synapse
intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons.
-Critical communication links in the brain.
Deferred imitation
- mental combinations allow children to copy behavior they noticed hours or days earlier.
- infant first perceives something and makes…
Kwashiorkor
-disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which protein deficiency makes the child vulnerable to measles, diarrhea and the flu.
Marasmus
- first year of life, body tissues waste away.
- severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, growth stops and infant eventually dies.
Object Permanence
- Realization that objects still exist even if they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard.
- Around 8 mths, Piaget.
Assimilation
-New experiences are interpreted to fit into or assimilate with old ideas.
Accommodation
-Old ideas are restructured to include, or accommodate new experiences.
Little Scientist
- Stage 5 toddler (12-18mnths) who experiments w/o anticipating results.
- Use trail and error in activity and exploration.
Babbling
- Extended repetition of syllables, bababa.
- 6-9 months, gestures come before language (pointing 10 months) .
Holophase
-single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought (DaDa!)
Child Directed Speech
-high pitched, simplified and repetitive way adults speak to infants. (Baby talk, mother ease).
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
- Chomsky
- Hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, grammar, vocab, and intonation.
Neurotransmitters
-brain chemical that carries info from axon of a sending neuron to the dendrites of a receiving neuron.
Self-Righting
- Inborn drive to remedy deficits.
- to return to sit/stand after being tipped over.
- All ages both physical and emotional.
Gross Motor Skills
- Learned abilities to move large body parts.
- Large leap
Fine Motor Skills
- Small body movements, hands and fingers
- Ex: Drawing or picking up a coin, movement of the tongue, jaw or lips.
Mirror Neurons`
-Cells in an observers brain that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way they would if the observer had actually performed the action.
Sensation
- Sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) detects a stimulus.
- Outer organ meets anything that can be ^
Perception
- Mental processing of sensory info when the brain interprets a sensation.
- Perception follows sensations, when senses are noticed bu the brain and cognition also follows perception.
Scheme
- Organized conception of something.
- Piaget.
Major Reflexes Important for Survival
breathing, thrashing, shivering, sucking, rooting, swallowing, spitting up.
