Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuron

A
  • one of billions of nerve cells in the CNS( brain and spinal cord).
  • 70% in cortex, final part to mature is the pre-frontal cortex.
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2
Q

Pruning

A
  • Unused connections in the brain atrophy and die.
  • dendrite loss, is increased brain power.
  • dendrites bring messages to cell body of neuron.
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3
Q

Synapse

A

intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons.
-Critical communication links in the brain.

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4
Q

Deferred imitation

A
  • mental combinations allow children to copy behavior they noticed hours or days earlier.
  • infant first perceives something and makes…
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5
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

-disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which protein deficiency makes the child vulnerable to measles, diarrhea and the flu.

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6
Q

Marasmus

A
  • first year of life, body tissues waste away.

- severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, growth stops and infant eventually dies.

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7
Q

Object Permanence

A
  • Realization that objects still exist even if they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard.
  • Around 8 mths, Piaget.
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8
Q

Assimilation

A

-New experiences are interpreted to fit into or assimilate with old ideas.

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9
Q

Accommodation

A

-Old ideas are restructured to include, or accommodate new experiences.

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10
Q

Little Scientist

A
  • Stage 5 toddler (12-18mnths) who experiments w/o anticipating results.
  • Use trail and error in activity and exploration.
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11
Q

Babbling

A
  • Extended repetition of syllables, bababa.

- 6-9 months, gestures come before language (pointing 10 months) .

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12
Q

Holophase

A

-single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought (DaDa!)

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13
Q

Child Directed Speech

A

-high pitched, simplified and repetitive way adults speak to infants. (Baby talk, mother ease).

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14
Q

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

A
  • Chomsky

- Hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, grammar, vocab, and intonation.

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

-brain chemical that carries info from axon of a sending neuron to the dendrites of a receiving neuron.

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16
Q

Self-Righting

A
  • Inborn drive to remedy deficits.
  • to return to sit/stand after being tipped over.
  • All ages both physical and emotional.
17
Q

Gross Motor Skills

A
  • Learned abilities to move large body parts.

- Large leap

18
Q

Fine Motor Skills

A
  • Small body movements, hands and fingers

- Ex: Drawing or picking up a coin, movement of the tongue, jaw or lips.

19
Q

Mirror Neurons`

A

-Cells in an observers brain that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way they would if the observer had actually performed the action.

20
Q

Sensation

A
  • Sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) detects a stimulus.
  • Outer organ meets anything that can be ^
21
Q

Perception

A
  • Mental processing of sensory info when the brain interprets a sensation.
  • Perception follows sensations, when senses are noticed bu the brain and cognition also follows perception.
22
Q

Scheme

A
  • Organized conception of something.

- Piaget.

23
Q

Major Reflexes Important for Survival

A

breathing, thrashing, shivering, sucking, rooting, swallowing, spitting up.