Chapter 2 Flashcards
Allele
Any of the possible forms in which a gene for a particular trait can occur.
Chromosomes
One of the 46 molecules of DNA in 23 pairs, and contain genes.
DNA
Molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins.
Dominant- recessive inheritance
-
Gamete
- reproductive cell.
- 23 chromosomes
- Sperm and ovum that can produce and individual if it combines with a gamete from the other sex to form a zygote.
Gene
Small section of chromosomes; the basic unit of the transmission of heredity. String of chemicals that provide the cell with instructions to manufacture proteins.
Phenotype
Physical features: appearance, intelligence, and personality.
Genotype
Collection of genes
Dizygotic
- Fraternal Twins
- two separate ova are fertilized by 2 separate sperm.
- Half of their genes in common.
Monozygotic Twins
- Identical Twins
- Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development.
Carrier
- When someone inherits a recessive gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.
- The recessive gene is carried on the genotype.
Additive Inheritance
- The effects add up to make the phenotype.
- Height, hair curliness, skin color.
X-Linked Inheritance
- Dominant-Recessive Pattern
- Located on the x chromosome.
- Recessive (color blind, allergies, diseases, and learning disabilities.
Embryonic Period
- Stage of prenatal development from the 3-8th week after conception.
- Basic forms of all body structures, internal organs develop.
Fetal Period
- The ninth week after conception until birth, during which the fetus grows in size and matures in functioning.
Germinal Period
-The first two week of prenatal development after conception, rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation.
Ultrasound
Image of fetus or internal organ, produced by using high frequency sound waves.
Age of Viability
The age about 22 weeks after conception, at which the fetus may survive outside the mothers uterus is specialized medical care is available.
Apgar Scale
- Assessment of a newborns body functioning.
- Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, and color and reflexes are given a score 0,1,2. Score higher than 7, all is well.
Down Syndrome
- Condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes.
- 3 at the 21st position.
- Unusual features (thick tongue, round face, slanted eyes)
- Heart abnormalities and language barriers.
Down Syndrome
- Condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes.
- 3 at the 21st position.
- Unusual features (thick tongue, round face, slanted eyes)
- Heart abnormalities and language barriers.
Teratogen
-Agent or condition including viruses, drugs, and chemicals, that impair prenatal development, resulting in birth defects and complications.
Teratogen
-Agent or condition including viruses, drugs, and chemicals, that impair prenatal development, resulting in birth defects and complications.
Cephalocaudal
& Proximaldistal
- Head to toe
- Inside out
Cephalocaudal
& Proximaldistal
- Head to toe
- Inside out
Zygote
Single cell that is formed from he fusing of two gametes, a sperm and a ovum.
