Chapter 2

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Any of the possible forms in which a gene for a particular trait can occur.

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

One of the 46 molecules of DNA in 23 pairs, and contain genes.

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins.

Question 4

Dominant- recessive inheritance

Answer 4

-

Question 5

Gamete

Answer 5

• reproductive cell.
• 23 chromosomes
• Sperm and ovum that can produce and individual if it combines with a gamete from the other sex to form a zygote.

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

Small section of chromosomes; the basic unit of the transmission of heredity. String of chemicals that provide the cell with instructions to manufacture proteins.

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Physical features: appearance, intelligence, and personality.

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

Collection of genes

Question 9

Dizygotic

Answer 9

• Fraternal Twins
• two separate ova are fertilized by 2 separate sperm.
• Half of their genes in common.

Question 10

Monozygotic Twins

Answer 10

• Identical Twins

- Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development.

Question 11

Carrier

Answer 11

• When someone inherits a recessive gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.
• The recessive gene is carried on the genotype.

Question 12

Additive Inheritance

Answer 12

• The effects add up to make the phenotype.

- Height, hair curliness, skin color.

Question 13

X-Linked Inheritance

Answer 13

• Dominant-Recessive Pattern
• Located on the x chromosome.
• Recessive (color blind, allergies, diseases, and learning disabilities.

Question 14

Embryonic Period

Answer 14

• Stage of prenatal development from the 3-8th week after conception.
• Basic forms of all body structures, internal organs develop.

Question 15

Fetal Period

Answer 15

• The ninth week after conception until birth, during which the fetus grows in size and matures in functioning.

Question 16

Germinal Period

Answer 16

-The first two week of prenatal development after conception, rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation.

Question 17

Ultrasound

Answer 17

Image of fetus or internal organ, produced by using high frequency sound waves.

Question 18

Age of Viability

Answer 18

The age about 22 weeks after conception, at which the fetus may survive outside the mothers uterus is specialized medical care is available.

Question 19

Apgar Scale

Answer 19

• Assessment of a newborns body functioning.
• Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, and color and reflexes are given a score 0,1,2. Score higher than 7, all is well.

Question 20

Down Syndrome

Answer 20

• Condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes.
• 3 at the 21st position.
• Unusual features (thick tongue, round face, slanted eyes)
• Heart abnormalities and language barriers.

Question 20

Down Syndrome

Answer 20

• Condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes.
• 3 at the 21st position.
• Unusual features (thick tongue, round face, slanted eyes)
• Heart abnormalities and language barriers.

Question 21

Teratogen

Answer 21

-Agent or condition including viruses, drugs, and chemicals, that impair prenatal development, resulting in birth defects and complications.

Question 21

Teratogen

Answer 21

-Agent or condition including viruses, drugs, and chemicals, that impair prenatal development, resulting in birth defects and complications.

Question 22

Cephalocaudal

& Proximaldistal

Answer 22

• Head to toe

- Inside out

Question 22

Cephalocaudal

& Proximaldistal

Answer 22

• Head to toe

- Inside out

Question 23

Zygote

Answer 23

Single cell that is formed from he fusing of two gametes, a sperm and a ovum.