Chapter 4 Flashcards
Neurotransmitters in synapse reabsorbed into sending neurons
reuptake
Neurotransmitters in synapse are destroyed by enzymes in the synapse
degradation
enzymes that alter the functioning of other proteins, including ion channels and receptors
kinase
a protein is a chain of building block molecules called:
amino acids
in the peripheral nervous system, groups of cell bodies are called ____ and the bundles of axons are called ____
- ganglia
- nerves
what is tyrosine
a common precursor. leads to Ldopa which leads to dopamine which leads to norepinephrine which leads to epinephrine
depolarisation
the membrane potential becomes LESS negative
what are the three catecholamines
dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
the cell is covered by a membrane which contains ____
cytoplasm
which dopamine production area is part of the incentive learning system
ventral tegmental area
the major excitatory system
glutamate
these projections are involved in autonomic nervous system activity as well as posture, balance, and motor movement
descending reiticular formation
what is the resting mV
-70 mV
what would happen if you didnt have myelin
ion channels would open slowly
what are the two main types of cells
neurons and glia cells
what are the three passive processes
- diffusion
- electrostatic charge
- differential permeability
the birth of new neurons
neurogenesis
the inside of the neuron is ___ (positive or negative) relative to the outside
negative
Junction between terminal of sending neuron and dendrite or cell body of receiving neuron
the synapse
which neurotransmitter does the sympathetic nervous system use
norepinephrine
morphine-like molecules that bind to opioid receptors
opioid type peptides
which brain region is involved in memory for locations in space and behavioural classical conditioning
the basal ganglia
what are the (7) ways drugs can effect neurotransmission
- receptor agonism
- receptor antagonism
- change in enzyme activity
- alter transmitter reuptake
- alter activity of second messenger
- interfere with ion channels
- change amount of transmitter released
special gated ion channels that are sensitive to the number of positive charges inside the cell
voltage gated ion channels