Chapter 4 Flashcards
An understanding of fire dynamics applied within the context of structure fires can provide a fire officer or a firefighter with means to assess how a fire will grow and spread within a structure and how best to control that growth.
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Research that has a direct impact on the fire service comes from a wide range of disciplines - engineering, textile science, the military, and many others.
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Both research experiments and LODD and LODI investigations have demonstrated the importance of understanding how ventilation affects fire behavior.
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Fires in today’s fire environment, fueled predominantly by synthetic materials, commonly become ventilation-limited
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How, where, and when a fire receives oxygen greatly impacts the fire dynamics and the resulting thermal environment inside the structure.
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The construction techniques and materials used to build a house over the past 50 years have changed.
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Engineered wood products have enabled long spans and open areas for improved use of living space in houses.
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Gypsum board interior linings have been reduced en-masse by 30 percent in recent years.
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In the 1950’s a wide range of synthetic materials called polymers became available for use in clothing, furniture, interior finish, and insulation
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Durability, comfort, and economics all play a role in the design and manufacturer of furnishings that people choose to buy.
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Flexible polyurethane foam is one of the most common materials used in upholstered furniture.
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Early versions of respiratory equipment have been around for more than 100 years, however routine use of SCBA did not begin for many fire departments until the 1980’s.
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The release of America Burning in 1973 generated funding and programs that resulted in studies focused on fire dynamics in a compartment, toxicity of fire gases, flammability of furniture, plastics, fire detection, suppression and firefighting PPE.
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The first textbook on fire dynamics was authored by Dougal Drysdale and published in 1985.
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Recent firefighting studies address the concepts of fuel-limited fires and ventilation-limited fires within a compartment or structure, based on fuel load, ventilation, and building construction.
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One of the factors regarding the thermal environment fire fighters may work in is time.
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The flashover times for the modern room averaged 235 seconds after ignition.
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The average flashover times for the two legacy rooms was 1912 seconds after ignition.
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It took eight times longer for the cotton sofa, compared to the sofa comprised of synthetic materials, to generate enough heat release rate to spread fire throughout the room.
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The traumatic injury deaths are investigated in accordance with the Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Model.
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