Chapter 12 Flashcards
One- and two-family dwellings and townhomes. More fires occur in these structures than any other occupancy type.
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Townhomes are a type of single-family dwelling that is structurally independent from adjacent single-family dwellings and separated by a common fire-resistive-rated wall assembly.
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The structure should be assessed from both the interior and exterior simultaneously to ensure rapid detection of signs of concealed space fires.
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Void fires in combustible buildings may consume structural support members and lead to collapse.
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Consideration should be given to applying exterior water streams to attached garages, in particular in avoiding fire propagation into the main structure.
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Manufactured and modular dwellings are built off-site, may not have the same fire resistance as site-built structures, and may propagate fire rapidly due to the geometry of the buildings.
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Large estate dwellings are structures that exceed 3000 ft2, have open floor plan designs, and use lightweight construction and engineered structural elements, which creates the potential for large area fires and early collapse.
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Multifamily dwellings include row houses and garden apartments.
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Reflex time, or the amount of time it takes to react and take action, is usually much higher in high-rise buildings than in non-high-rise buildings.
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Basement or below grade fires can be extremely difficult to control and extinguish once they are past the incipient stage.
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Observing the position of the neutral plane at the first floor entryway door of a building might indicate a basement fire.
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An observable indication of a basement fire can be smoke filling an entire first floor door opening of a structure without the presence of a neutral plane.
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During a suspected basement fire, the risk analysis should consider the firefighter safety issues prior to placing personnel above the basement level.
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The application of a water spray pattern that cools the hot gases is the most effective way to control a basement fire.
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Salt water should not be used on live electrical equipment.
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Unlike a typical electrical or gas utility, on a PV array there is no point of disconnect.
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When illuminated by artificial light sources such as fire department light trucks or an exposure fire, PV systems can produce electrical power sufficient to cause a lock-on hazard.
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Severely damaged PV arrays can produce hazardous conditions ranging from perception to electrocution.
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Use of plastics or combustibles such as vinyl siding in exterior wall assemblies can facilitate rapid fire spread into the attic space.
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Attic fires are typically ventilation-limited due to limited natural ventilation openings.
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If lightweight truss construction is exposed to fire and no rescue operations are required, a defensive strategy is highly recommended as early collapse is likely.
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Knee wall construction creates interconnected concealed spaces where the wooden structural members provide a relatively large surface area of exposed fuel along with air flow conductive to spreading fire.
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Organizational leaders and early adopters should be instructed on the value of incorporating science-based research within structure firefighting strategies and tactics.
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The training delivery model a department uses is dependent on the size, available training resources, time, and geography.
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