Annex

Question 1

When heat is added to a liquid fuel and it vaporizes into a gas phase fuel, the temperature of the liquid does not increase because we can add heat to a substance during its phase change and not see any rise in temperature, this is called latent or hidden heat.

Answer 1

annex

Question 2

Rapid fire developments are subdivided into the two main categories of phenomena of flashover and smoke ignition.

Answer 2

annex

Question 3

A watt is defined as one joule per second, a kilowatt is 1000 watts, and a megawatt is 1,000,000 watts.

Answer 3

annex

Question 4

Winds blowing into a closed fire compartment can lead to a high pressure zone in the compartment.

Answer 4

annex

Question 5

Under normal wind conditions, a room with only one opening will display a bidirectional air track.

Answer 5

annex

Question 6

Smoke seen pulsing out of openings is a result of variations in pressure due to limited oxygen supply and indicates a ventilation-controlled fire.

Answer 6

annex

Question 7

It is important for firefighters to cool the smoke and surfaces while undertaking door control before tactical venting operations begin.

Answer 7

annex

Question 8

Once finishes have absorbed the heat energy, they will tend to hold it and this will make it difficult to cool the smoke.

Answer 8

annex

Question 9

Metal claddings have a low thermal mass and an inability to absorb heat but transfers that heat quickly through conduction to other potential combustibles.

Answer 9

annex

Question 10

Combustible linings will produce pyrolysis gases as they are heated to about 572F to 752F and this will contribute to fuel accumulating in the upper region of the fire room or compartment.

Answer 10

annex

Question 11

A type 1 structure will have a minimum of a 3-hour fire resistance rating.

Answer 11

annex

Question 12

The lack of buoyancy in the smoke may suggest to the observer that the fire intensity is not that great when in fact may be quite severe.

Answer 12

annex

Question 13

Steel will elongate and deform when exposed to temperatures of 1000*F.

Answer 13

annex

Question 14

Many of the steel structural components in Type IIB are lightweight and will fail early in an event.

Answer 14

annex

Question 15

More firefighters have lost their lives in battling residential fires in type III construction than other forms of construction.

Answer 15

annex

Question 16

Quick knock down, occupant rescue, and opening void spaces are high priorities in Type III construction.

Answer 16

annex

Question 17

Due to environmental concerns and supply challenges within the timber industry, many Type V structures are using Glulam or laminated lumber in place of heavy timber.

Answer 17

annex

Question 18

By far the majority of fires encountered by the US fire service occur in Type VB construction.

Answer 18

annex

Question 19

Single- and two-family structures are prime examples of Type VB.

Answer 19

annex

Question 20

When assessing the overall ventilation profile, consideration should be paid to the fact that fire burns in proportion to the oxygen in which it receives, and limiting ventilation prior to the application of water is typically an effective method to impede fire growth.

Answer 20

annex

Question 21

Evaluation of the height and turbulence of any existing neutral place is a critical factor in sizing up an opening.

Answer 21

annex

Question 22

As a room progresses to flashover, the level of the neutral plane in the opening will lower, and the turbulence of the inlet flow at the boundary layer will increase.

Answer 22

annex

Question 23

Dynamic smoke and fire presentation at an opening, or a puffing or pulsation-type appearance, may indicate wind-impacted conditions.

Answer 23

annex

Question 24

Organizations incorporating science-based research might benefit from an understanding and use of the diffusion of innovation theory (DOI).

Answer 24

annex

Question 25

The DOI theory, developed by F.M. Rogers in 1962, is one of the oldest social science theories.

Answer 25

annex

Question 26

The key to adoption is that the person must perceive the idea, behavior, or product as new or innovative. It is through this that diffusion is possible.

Answer 26

annex

Question 27

Relative advantage - the degree to which an innovation is seen as better than the idea, program, or product it replaces.

Answer 27

annex

Question 28

Compatibility - How consistent the innovation is with the values, experiences, and needs of the potential adopters.

Answer 28

annex

Question 29

Complexity - How difficult the innovation is to understand and or use.

Answer 29

annex

Question 30

Triability - the extent to which the innovation can be tested or experimented with before a commitment to adopt is made.

Answer 30

annex

Question 31

Observability - The extent to which the innovation provides tangible results.

Answer 31

annex

Question 32

Risk assessment - An SOP/SOG should contain considerations for applying a risk-based approach to structural firefighting.

Answer 32

annex

Question 33

Every year approximately 100 firefighters lose their lives in the line of duty in the US - about one every 80 hours.

Answer 33

annex