Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is learning?
Any enduring change in the way organism responds based on its experience.
What is Reflex?
One kind of programmed response and is adaptive to ensure survival.
What is orienting reflex?
A series of programmed responses prompted by a sudden change in the environment.
What is habituation?
Tendency to unconsciously stop responding to stimulus when it is presented repeatedly.
What is instinct?
Complex programmed behavior. Fixed patterns of behavior that are formed without learning.
What is social learning?
Learning that occurs as a result of social interaction. (Vicarious: indirect)
What are the steps of observational learning?
- Attention.
- Retention.
- Motivation.
- Potential reproduction.
What are the factors of observational learning?
- Similarity between observer and person who is presenting certain behavior.
- Influence of the person presenting certain behavior on the observer.
What is classical conditioning?
Process in which an automatic, conditioned response is paired with a stimuli.
What are the steps in classical conditioning?
- Generalization.
- Extension.
- Spontaneous recovery.
What is operant conditioning?
A type of learning in which behavior is influenced by the consequences that follows it.
What are the types of operant conditioning?
- Reinforcement: a response is strengthened by response that follows it.
- Punishment: a response is weakened by the removal of a stimulus.
What are the types of reinforcement in O.P.?
- Positive reinforcement: response is strengthened by the presentation of a stimulus.
- Negative reinforcement: response is strengthened by removal of an aversive stimulus.
What are the types of punishment in O.P.?
- Aversive punishment: active application of aversive stimulus.
- Response cost: response is weakened by removal of a good stimulus.
