chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

External female genitalia

A
  • clitoris
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
  • mons pubis
  • vulvar vestibule
  • urethral opening
  • vaginal opening
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2
Q

internal female genitalia

A
  • Vagina
  • bartholin glands
  • skene’s glands
  • cervix
  • uterus
  • ovaries
  • fallopian tubes
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3
Q

male external genitalia

A
  • penis
  • scrotum
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4
Q

male internal genitalia

A
  • testes
  • epididymis
  • seminiferous tubules
  • vas deferens
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate glands
  • cowpers glands
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5
Q

spermatogenisis

A

sperm production

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6
Q

OS (in relation to female anatomy)

A
  • opening in centre of cervix
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7
Q

cilia

A
  • micro hair-like projections
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8
Q

rugae

A
  • rigid walls
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9
Q

mons pubis

A
  • rounded fatty pad of tissue covering pubic symphysis
  • sensitive to touch
  • covers in pubic hair
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10
Q

pubic symphysis

A

where right and left pelvic bones meet

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11
Q

theories for why we have pubic hair

A
  • visual sign of sexual maturity
  • provides protective padding during friction of intercourse
  • plays role in sexual communication thought pheromonal signalling by helping to dissipate volatile compounds
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12
Q

the clitoris

A
  • only known function is pleasure
  • approx same nerve ending as penis
  • two external components: glands and shaft
  • two internal cura (roots) the project inwards from either side of shaft
  • glans + shaft = covered by prepuce
  • corpus cavernosa and vestibular bulb line vagina and swell
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13
Q

labia majora

A
  • extends down from mons pubis
  • padding and protection for inner structures
  • many nerve endings
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14
Q

labia minora

A
  • hairless skin folds between majora
  • extends upwards and forwards toward clit
    -contains: sweat/oil glands, nerve endings and blood vessels
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15
Q

what external genitalia is the prepuce/clitoral hood

A

labia minora

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16
Q

fourchette

A

area where labia minora meets posterior to vaginal opening

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17
Q

vulvar vestibule

A
  • entranceway
  • teardrop shaped of vulva inside labia minora
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18
Q

provoked vestibulodynia

A

condition that causes pain in vulvar vestibule rather than pleasure

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19
Q

urethral opening

A
  • halfway between clit and vaginal opening in vestibule
  • transmits pee form bladder to outside world
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20
Q

vaginal opening

A
  • highly sensitive
  • located in posterior area of vulvar vestibule
  • below urethral opening
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21
Q

hymen

A
  • thin membrane that covers vaginal opening
  • believed to protect vaginal tissue in early life
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22
Q

Vagina

A
  • canal that starts at vaginal opening and extends up and back towards base of spine
  • connects with cervix
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23
Q

average length of vagina

A

7.5-12.5cm but grows 5-7.5cm more when aroused

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24
Q

average penis length and girth

A
  • flaccid: L=9.2cm, G=9.3cm
  • errect: L=13.1cm, G=11.7cm
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25
labiaplasty
- most common voluntary genital alteration process - not always cosmetic (pain)
26
Three layers of tissue in the vagina
- vaginal mucosa (outermost, rigid walls are soft, moist and release secretions that maintain slight acidic balance, releases lubricant) - middle layer (muscular and in lower third of vagina, tighten during arousal, contract rapidly and rhythmically during orgasm) - deepest layer (fibrous tissue, keeps vagina in place within pelvis)
27
lower third of vagina is _____ whereas the upper third is _______
sensitive, insensitive
28
bartholin glands
- small pair of glands that lie inside labia minora on left and right side of vagina - unknown function
29
skenes glands
- pair by front walls of vagina - close to urethra - ducts empty into urethra - contribute to sensitivity of g spot
30
g spot
- highly sensitive on front vaginal wall, 5cm from opening
31
cervix and uterus
- lower third of uterus - top of vagina, contains mucus secreting glands - can be tilted forward (anteflexed) or backwards (retroflexed)
32
3 layers of uterus
- endometrium (innermost, hormone secreting, sheds during menstruation) - myometrium (muscular, stretches and contracts for fetus) - perimetrium (deepest, smoothest membrane)
33
ovaries
- produces ova (eggs) - typically 2, one on each side of uterus - endocrine glands that produce estrogens and progestins - when born=2 million ova - when first menstruation occurs=300 thousand - two can release at once (frat twins)
34
sperm travel from vagina to uterus via _____
os
35
fallopian tubes
- transports ova from ovaries to uterus - 10cm long - eggs move via cilia and muscle contractions
36
infundibulum
- closest to ovary, where fertilization occurs - finger like projection (fimbriae) extend to ovaries and draw egg out
37
penis only consists of ____ muscles
smooth
38
3 sections of penis
- glands (most sensitive, the head) - shaft (main external part, hairless loose skin when flaccid, starts at base and ends at corona/rim of glands) - roots (extended internally and attach to bar of pubic bone)
39
prepuce (male)
- foreskin - partially covers glands - retractable skin fold
40
approx _____% of men in canada and world wide are circumcized
30%
41
scrotum
- loose pouch of skin containing testes - under base of penis - two thin layers: outer (skin w little hair) and inner (sheet of involuntary muscles - dartos) - dartos respond to temperature (retract if cold and hand low if hot)
42
3 spongy bodies in penis
- corpora cavernosa: 2 larger ones, side by side on upper shaft - corpus sponiosum: length of penis w urethra in middle, raises on underside when erect
43
difference between corpora cavernosa and corpus sponiosum
- corpora cavernosa: hardens - corpus sponiosum: stays flexible to allow urethra to have room for ejactulate to pass
44
Why do penis get 'hard'
- elevated BP compresses veins that usually draw out blood, trapping it
45
main neurotransmitter used in erections
- nitric oxide - causes smooth muscles to dilate)
46
what neurotransmitter is mainly responsible for loosing an erection
- norepinephrine and epinephrine - stimulate muscles on the walls of arteries to constrict
47
testes
- 2 inside scrotum - suspended by spermatic cord - usually form in around last month before birth in utero
48
in urtero, where are testes formed
the abdomen
49
cremaster
- muscle surrounding spermatic cord - lifts testes
50
t or f: testes should always be slightly warmer than the body temperature to keep sperm healthy
- false, they should be slightly cooler - lower sperm counts seen in men whose testes are in hot environments often
51
epididymis
- c shaped, covers part of each testes - narrow, tightly coiled tube - consists of: head body and tail - mature sperm is brought back here and stored
52
seminiferous tubules
- interstitial cells that are between tubules - sperm production and storage - long, thin, coiled tubes packed in testes (think intestines)
53
interstitial cells produce _____ that is secreted directly into bloodstrem
androgens
54
vas deferens
- sperm stored in epididymis drain here - carried sperm up the abdominal wall, around bladder and to prostate gland - delivers sperm into urethra via cilia and muscle contractions
55
t or f: its only after ejaculation that sperm swim independently
true
56
seminal vesicles
- two tubular glands next to prostate gland - near end of vas deferens - secretes surgary alkyd fluid (70% of ejaculate)
57
prostate gland
- directly below bladder - grandular tissue surrounded by muscle - secretes thin, alkaline fluid ot maintain sperm - semen makes vagina safe for sperm (acid/base)
58
cowpers glands
- two pea sized structures on sides of urethra, below prostate - ducts empty into urethra - secrete pre-ejactulate (prepares urethra for seminal fluid)
59
there are ______ sperm in ejaculate and it makes up ___% of ejaculate
200-500 million, 2%
60
each ejaculation releases ____ of semen
- 3ml - can be more depending on age, last time of ejaculation (longer=more), and length of arousal before ejaculation (longer=more)
61
Masters and johnson's 4 phases of the sexual response cycle is based on ______ and _____
vasocongestion, myotonia