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PSYC 333: human sexuality > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

External female genitalia

A
  • clitoris
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
  • mons pubis
  • vulvar vestibule
  • urethral opening
  • vaginal opening
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2
Q

internal female genitalia

A
  • Vagina
  • bartholin glands
  • skene’s glands
  • cervix
  • uterus
  • ovaries
  • fallopian tubes
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3
Q

male external genitalia

A
  • penis
  • scrotum
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4
Q

male internal genitalia

A
  • testes
  • epididymis
  • seminiferous tubules
  • vas deferens
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate glands
  • cowpers glands
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5
Q

spermatogenisis

A

sperm production

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6
Q

OS (in relation to female anatomy)

A
  • opening in centre of cervix
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7
Q

cilia

A
  • micro hair-like projections
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8
Q

rugae

A
  • rigid walls
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9
Q

mons pubis

A
  • rounded fatty pad of tissue covering pubic symphysis
  • sensitive to touch
  • covers in pubic hair
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10
Q

pubic symphysis

A

where right and left pelvic bones meet

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11
Q

theories for why we have pubic hair

A
  • visual sign of sexual maturity
  • provides protective padding during friction of intercourse
  • plays role in sexual communication thought pheromonal signalling by helping to dissipate volatile compounds
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12
Q

the clitoris

A
  • only known function is pleasure
  • approx same nerve ending as penis
  • two external components: glands and shaft
  • two internal cura (roots) the project inwards from either side of shaft
  • glans + shaft = covered by prepuce
  • corpus cavernosa and vestibular bulb line vagina and swell
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13
Q

labia majora

A
  • extends down from mons pubis
  • padding and protection for inner structures
  • many nerve endings
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14
Q

labia minora

A
  • hairless skin folds between majora
  • extends upwards and forwards toward clit
    -contains: sweat/oil glands, nerve endings and blood vessels
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15
Q

what external genitalia is the prepuce/clitoral hood

A

labia minora

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16
Q

fourchette

A

area where labia minora meets posterior to vaginal opening

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17
Q

vulvar vestibule

A
  • entranceway
  • teardrop shaped of vulva inside labia minora
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18
Q

provoked vestibulodynia

A

condition that causes pain in vulvar vestibule rather than pleasure

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19
Q

urethral opening

A
  • halfway between clit and vaginal opening in vestibule
  • transmits pee form bladder to outside world
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20
Q

vaginal opening

A
  • highly sensitive
  • located in posterior area of vulvar vestibule
  • below urethral opening
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21
Q

hymen

A
  • thin membrane that covers vaginal opening
  • believed to protect vaginal tissue in early life
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22
Q

Vagina

A
  • canal that starts at vaginal opening and extends up and back towards base of spine
  • connects with cervix
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23
Q

average length of vagina

A

7.5-12.5cm but grows 5-7.5cm more when aroused

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24
Q

average penis length and girth

A
  • flaccid: L=9.2cm, G=9.3cm
  • errect: L=13.1cm, G=11.7cm
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25
Q

labiaplasty

A
  • most common voluntary genital alteration process
  • not always cosmetic (pain)
26
Q

Three layers of tissue in the vagina

A
  • vaginal mucosa (outermost, rigid walls are soft, moist and release secretions that maintain slight acidic balance, releases lubricant)
  • middle layer (muscular and in lower third of vagina, tighten during arousal, contract rapidly and rhythmically during orgasm)
  • deepest layer (fibrous tissue, keeps vagina in place within pelvis)
27
Q

lower third of vagina is _____ whereas the upper third is _______

A

sensitive, insensitive

28
Q

bartholin glands

A
  • small pair of glands that lie inside labia minora on left and right side of vagina
  • unknown function
29
Q

skenes glands

A
  • pair by front walls of vagina
  • close to urethra
  • ducts empty into urethra
  • contribute to sensitivity of g spot
30
Q

g spot

A
  • highly sensitive on front vaginal wall, 5cm from opening
31
Q

cervix and uterus

A
  • lower third of uterus
  • top of vagina, contains mucus secreting glands
  • can be tilted forward (anteflexed) or backwards (retroflexed)
32
Q

3 layers of uterus

A
  • endometrium (innermost, hormone secreting, sheds during menstruation)
  • myometrium (muscular, stretches and contracts for fetus)
  • perimetrium (deepest, smoothest membrane)
33
Q

ovaries

A
  • produces ova (eggs)
  • typically 2, one on each side of uterus
  • endocrine glands that produce estrogens and progestins
  • when born=2 million ova
  • when first menstruation occurs=300 thousand
  • two can release at once (frat twins)
34
Q

sperm travel from vagina to uterus via _____

A

os

35
Q

fallopian tubes

A
  • transports ova from ovaries to uterus
  • 10cm long
  • eggs move via cilia and muscle contractions
36
Q

infundibulum

A
  • closest to ovary, where fertilization occurs
  • finger like projection (fimbriae) extend to ovaries and draw egg out
37
Q

penis only consists of ____ muscles

A

smooth

38
Q

3 sections of penis

A
  • glands (most sensitive, the head)
  • shaft (main external part, hairless loose skin when flaccid, starts at base and ends at corona/rim of glands)
  • roots (extended internally and attach to bar of pubic bone)
39
Q

prepuce (male)

A
  • foreskin
  • partially covers glands
  • retractable skin fold
40
Q

approx _____% of men in canada and world wide are circumcized

A

30%

41
Q

scrotum

A
  • loose pouch of skin containing testes
  • under base of penis
  • two thin layers: outer (skin w little hair) and inner (sheet of involuntary muscles - dartos)
  • dartos respond to temperature (retract if cold and hand low if hot)
42
Q

3 spongy bodies in penis

A
  • corpora cavernosa: 2 larger ones, side by side on upper shaft
  • corpus sponiosum: length of penis w urethra in middle, raises on underside when erect
43
Q

difference between corpora cavernosa and corpus sponiosum

A
  • corpora cavernosa: hardens
  • corpus sponiosum: stays flexible to allow urethra to have room for ejactulate to pass
44
Q

Why do penis get ‘hard’

A
  • elevated BP compresses veins that usually draw out blood, trapping it
45
Q

main neurotransmitter used in erections

A
  • nitric oxide
  • causes smooth muscles to dilate)
46
Q

what neurotransmitter is mainly responsible for loosing an erection

A
  • norepinephrine and epinephrine
  • stimulate muscles on the walls of arteries to constrict
47
Q

testes

A
  • 2 inside scrotum
  • suspended by spermatic cord
  • usually form in around last month before birth in utero
48
Q

in urtero, where are testes formed

A

the abdomen

49
Q

cremaster

A
  • muscle surrounding spermatic cord
  • lifts testes
50
Q

t or f: testes should always be slightly warmer than the body temperature to keep sperm healthy

A
  • false, they should be slightly cooler
  • lower sperm counts seen in men whose testes are in hot environments often
51
Q

epididymis

A
  • c shaped, covers part of each testes
  • narrow, tightly coiled tube
  • consists of: head body and tail
  • mature sperm is brought back here and stored
52
Q

seminiferous tubules

A
  • interstitial cells that are between tubules
  • sperm production and storage
  • long, thin, coiled tubes packed in testes (think intestines)
53
Q

interstitial cells produce _____ that is secreted directly into bloodstrem

A

androgens

54
Q

vas deferens

A
  • sperm stored in epididymis drain here
  • carried sperm up the abdominal wall, around bladder and to prostate gland
  • delivers sperm into urethra via cilia and muscle contractions
55
Q

t or f: its only after ejaculation that sperm swim independently

A

true

56
Q

seminal vesicles

A
  • two tubular glands next to prostate gland
  • near end of vas deferens
  • secretes surgary alkyd fluid (70% of ejaculate)
57
Q

prostate gland

A
  • directly below bladder
  • grandular tissue surrounded by muscle
  • secretes thin, alkaline fluid ot maintain sperm
  • semen makes vagina safe for sperm (acid/base)
58
Q

cowpers glands

A
  • two pea sized structures on sides of urethra, below prostate
  • ducts empty into urethra
  • secrete pre-ejactulate (prepares urethra for seminal fluid)
59
Q

there are ______ sperm in ejaculate and it makes up ___% of ejaculate

A

200-500 million, 2%

60
Q

each ejaculation releases ____ of semen

A
  • 3ml
  • can be more depending on age, last time of ejaculation (longer=more), and length of arousal before ejaculation (longer=more)
61
Q

Masters and johnson’s 4 phases of the sexual response cycle is based on ______ and _____

A

vasocongestion, myotonia

PSYC 333: human sexuality (15 decks)

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