Chapter 4

Question 1

It states that the existence, abundance and distribution of a species in an ecosystem are determined by whether the levels of one or more physical or chemical factors fall above or below the levels tolerated by other species.

Answer 1

Law of tolerance

Question 2

This states that too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent growth of a population of a species in an ecosystem, even if all factors are at or near the optimum range of tolerance for the species.

Answer 2

Limiting factor principle

Question 3

This states that too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent growth of a population of a species in an ecosystem, even if all factors are at or near the optimum range of tolerance for the species.

Answer 3

Limiting factor principle

Question 4

Refers to the species way of life or functional role in an ecosystem.

Answer 4

Ecological niche or niche

Question 5

The actual location where a species lives.

Answer 5

Habitat

Question 6

The full potential of conditions and resources a species could theoretically use if there were no direct competition from other species.

Answer 6

Fundamental niche

Question 7

Parts of the fundamental niche of a species that are actually used by that species.

Answer 7

Realized niche

Question 8

Have narrow niches and may be able to live in only one type of habitat, tolerate only a narrow range of climatic and other environmental conditions, or use only one or few types of food.

Answer 8

Specialist species

Question 9

Have broad niches and can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.

Answer 9

Generalist species

Question 10

Species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem.

Answer 10

Native and endemic species

Question 11

Species that migrate into an ecosystem or deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem by humans.

Answer 11

Nonnative, alien or exotic species

Question 12

Species that serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is being degraded.

Answer 12

Indicator species

Question 13

Species that play roles affecting many organisms in an ecosystem.

Answer 13

Keystone species

Question 14

Occurs when two or more organisms compete for food, space, or any other limited resource.

Answer 14

Competition

Question 15

Two or more organisms of a single species trying to use the same limited resources in an ecosystem.

Answer 15

Intraspecific competition

Question 16

Members of two or more species trying to use the same limited resources in an ecosystem.

Answer 16

Interspecific competition

Question 17

Situation in which members of one species feed directly on all or part of a living organisms of another species.

Answer 17

Predation

Question 18

A long-lasting relationship in which species live together in an intimate association.

Answer 18

Symbiosis

Question 19

Occurs when one species (the parasite) feeds on part of another organism (the host) by living on or in the host for a significant potion of the host’s life.

Answer 19

Parasitism

Question 20

Live inside their host.

Answer 20

Endoparasites

Question 21

Attach themselves to the outside of their hosts

Answer 21

Ectoparasites

Question 22

Small number of parasites that routinely kill their host as part of their life cycle

Answer 22

Parasitoidism

Question 23

Two species involved in an symbiotic relationship interact in ways that benefit both

Answer 23

Mutualism

Question 24

Relationship is essential for the survival of both populations

Answer 24

Obligatory mutualism

Question 25

Relationship is not essential for the survival of either population

Answer 25

Non obligatory mutualism

Question 26

A symbiotic interaction that benefits one species but neither harms nor helps the other species much if at all

Answer 26

Commensalism

Question 27

Is an ecological interaction between two species but in this association among organisms of two different species, one is destroyed or inhibited, and the other remains unaffected.

Answer 27

Amensalism