Chapter 4 Flashcards
When the rate of change or doubling time is constant in a population, the population is said to experience?
Exponential growth
rN or rN (1-N/K) is equivalent to
Rate of change
Blank populations go up and down and blank populations go up, then settle at a single level
R then K
What tends to be always in the exponential growth phase?
R-selected species
J curve equals what and s curve equals what
S curve is logistical growth while J curve is exponential curve
Environmental resistance keeping a population in balance matches what population curve?
S curve
What strategists have high biotic potential but poor recruitment, mostly?
R-strategists. Female cod fish, many eggs, abandons them.
Passage from infant to adulthood is
Recruitment
Potential/ability to produce offspring
Biotic potential
What strategist has low biotic potential but good recruitment?
K strategists: Humans & whales don’t have many kids but take care of their children they do have
What factors are needed to regulate a population?
Density dependent factors
Density independent factors are not associated with what?
Population regulation
A population size below what is needed to recover?
Critical Number
What percent of cheetahs reach good recruitment?
5%
What strategists have an advantage in unstable environments, are smaller, live shorter, give birth younger, more offspring, no parental care, and fluctuating populations.
R-Strategists
What strategist benefit from more stable environments, larger size, longer lifespan, older first birth, fewer kids, long parenting, and stable populations
K-strategists
living together in more-or-less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar organisms (as in parasitism or commensalism)
Symbiosis
Does commensalism have a positive or negative affect?
Positive on one species and neutral on the other
Is the predator and prey relationship symbiosis?
No
Why do wolves never eat all the moose on royal island?
Because they target the old, the young, and the disabled.
An exception to survival of the fittest in predator interactions is?
Sport fishing
Too many herbivores with no predators can lead to what two issues?
Starvation and destruction of flora
A species whose role is essential for the survival of many other species in an ecosystem
Keystone Species
California kelp forest in 2008 ceased in what year?
2019
Competition between members of the same species?
Intraspecific competition
Survival of the fittest
Natural Selection
Division of a resource and specialization in different parts of it
Resource partitioning
A physical change that lessens competition when two species co-occur
Character displacement
Cape May warblers, blackburnian warbler, bay-breasted warbler, black throated green warbler, and yellow-rumped warbler live where?
In spruce forests in maine
Polar bears are descended from what, 150,000 years ago?
Brown bears ursus maritimus
What are a species options to responding to abiotic or biotic factors/changes?
Adaptation, migration, or extinction
Lead poisoning, low biotic potential i.e. raising one chick every two yrs, and running into power lines nearly caused the extinction of what?
California Condor
California authorities helped restored California condor population by breed them in captivity to what number?
537-561
Getting along with your roommate is?
Acclimation
Evolving to better suit your environment is?
Adaptation
225 million years the continents moved, previously they were
All together?
What moves continents to different latitudes, alters ocean currents and creates mountain ranges?
Continental drift
The current ice age has lasted how many years so far?
3 million years
Australia and South America were connected sixty-five million years ago to what?
Antarctica
Because of the erosion and disease they cause, Louisiana started a 5-year program to get people to eat more nutria rat. How much money did they invest into it?
2.1 Million
How many birds do the invasive species cats kill annually?
2.4 billion
Rats and mice hitchhiked on Polynesian boats and killed what type of birds?
Ground nesting birds
What company is turning nutria rat into dog food?
Marsh Dog
