Chapter 1-2 Flashcards
To summarize chapters 1-2 of Environmental science: toward a sustainable future
What we perceive represent what?
An objective reality
How does Objective reality function?
According to basic principles and natural laws
Finish this sentence: Every result has a cause;
Every event will cause other events
What powers can we use to discover and understand the basic principles and natural laws by which the universe functions?
The power of observation, manipulation, and reason.
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess concerning the cause of an observation.
Since the start of the industrial revolution, what concentrations have nearly doubled in our atmosphere?
CO2
50% of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere is a result of what?
Fossil fuel burning and land use change.
Besides the 50% of CO2 taken by the atmosphere, what else absorbs CO2?
25% is absorbed by the ocean and 25% is absorbed by the terrestrial biosphere.
The human population is expected to level out at what number by 2100?
At 10 billion
What is the average fertility rate?
2.4
What four countries have above average fertility rates?
Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Iraq, and Egypt.
What will be the top three largest cities in the year 2100?
Lagos, Nigeria, Kinshasa, democratic republic of Congo, and Dar es Salaam, united republic of Tanzania.
Is the (HDI) Human Development Index growing?
Yes
What does HDI measure?
Life expectancy, school enrollment, and per capita gross domestic product
What two countries have the highest HDI?
Germany with the USA in second
What country has the longest life expectancy?
Japan
What race is most likely to die in the United States during maternity?
Non-hispanic Blacks
What country has the highest maternal mortality rate among developed countries?
The United States of America
What is the likely cause of America’s high maternal mortality rate?
A lack of midwives and a lack of paid parental leave postpartum.
When do most maternal deaths occur in the U.S.?
50% occur postpartum
What country spends the most on healthcare per capita?
USA
What high-income country has the most children in poverty and people in prison?
USA
What percent of the USA’s net worth is in the 1%? The 10%?
38% is the one percent’s and 88.5% is the ten percent’s
Which of these explanations is false?
A Human well-being has actually been declining
B Enhanced food production has outweighed the effects of declines in other ecosystem services
C Human technology has made us less dependent on ecosystem services
D There is a time lag between ecosystem decline and the impact on human well-being
A.