Chapter 3

Question 1

Define Ecology

Answer 1

The study of all processes tied to the distribution and abundance of life and the ties between living things and their habitats.

Question 2

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species is the order of what system?

Answer 2

Taxonomy

Question 3

What is the old definition of species and is it valid?

Answer 3

It’s not valid, and it’s all members that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 4

What is a homo?

Answer 4

A genus

Question 5

What are Homo sapiens?

Answer 5

A species

Question 6

What are Homo sapiens sapiens?

Answer 6

A subspecies

Question 7

What is the genus, species, and subspecies of domesticated dogs, cats, and tigers respectively?

Answer 7

Canis lupus familiaris, Felis catus, and Panthera Tigris Tigris.

Question 8

How is species determined today?

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

How were Canis lupus familiaris domesticated?

Answer 9

Self-domesticated

Question 10

What is a population, and give an example of one?

Answer 10

Individuals of a species living in a given area. An example is gray wolves living in the Yellowstone National Park.

Question 11

What is a biota or a biotic community, and how is the community’s constitution determined?

Answer 11

All the living organism in a natural area and the constitution is determined by abiotic factors.

Question 12

How does the plant community affect the animal community?

Answer 12

It limits or controls by its presence or absence.

Question 13

What is the difference between an ecosystem and an ecotone?

Answer 13

An ecosystem is a complex of biotic communities and the abiotic environment affecting them within an area, while an Ecotone is a transitional region between ecosystems.

Question 14

Give an example of an Ecotone and of an Ecosystem, respectively.

Answer 14

An example of the former is a deciduous forest, an example of the latter is a grassland-forest ecotone.

Question 15

What is a landscape?

Answer 15

A cluster of interacting ecosystems

Question 16

Give an example of animals interacting out of their usual ecosystems?

Answer 16

Jaguars and bears go into aquatic ecosystems to fish.

Question 17

What is, a large area of Earth’s surface with the same climate and similar vegetation called?

Answer 17

Biome

Question 18

Name five major biomes on earth?

Answer 18

Aquatic, desert, forest, grasslands and tundra

Question 19

What is the Tundra Biome like?

Answer 19

It has low temperatures and precipitation

Question 20

Say two adjectives to describe the Chaparral biome

Answer 20

Hot and dry

Question 21

A rolling grassland with scattered shrubs and isolated trees perfectly describes what biome?

Answer 21

Savanna

Question 22

Dry large rolling terrains of grasses, flowers, and herbs describes?

Answer 22

Grassland

Question 23

Inner Mongolia is largely grasslands and thus lacks what resource?

Answer 23

Trees

Question 24

How the people of Inner Mongolia live?

Answer 24

As nomadic shepherds who live in tents.

Question 25

Deserts have little precipitation, usually less than 40 cm per year, which is not enough to support most vegetation. Are deserts hot or cold?

Answer 25

They can be either or.

Question 26

Boreal forest (taiga) have high altitude and are in the Northern Hemisphere. Their precipitation varies. What is the temperature and the type of trees that are found there?

Answer 26

Coniferous trees and cold temperatures are there.

Question 27

Describe the rainforest in two words and then explain the precipitation?

Answer 27

Warm and wet. Annual precipitation 125–660 cm.

Question 28

Why is soil normally poor in the rainforest, and what are rainforest plants an important source of?

Answer 28

Leaching of soluble nutrients and the plants are a source of drugs that treats illnesses such as cancer and malaria.

Question 29

What type of forest has trees that lose leaves in during winter, temperate latitudes, precipitation of 100-150cm, and is found in eastern North America, Europe, and far east.

Answer 29

Deciduous forest

Question 30

What is the main biome that Scientist are worried about plants going extinct in?

Answer 30

Rain forest

Question 31

What are the main biomes in North America?

Answer 31

Tundras, Taiga, Tropical Rain forest, temperate deciduous forest, grassland, and desert.

Question 32

What are the main biomes in South America?

Answer 32

Tundra, grassland, desert, and tropical rain forest.

Question 33

What are the major biomes in Africa?

Answer 33

Tropical rain forest, Deciduous forest, desert, and grassland.

Question 34

What are the three major land biome in Australia?

Answer 34

Tropical rain forest, desert, and grassland.

Question 35

What the four major land biomes in Europe?

Answer 35

Deciduous forest, grassland, Taiga, and Tundra.

Question 36

Of the biomes' tundra, taiga, grassland, desert, tropical rain forest, and temperate deciduous forest, which of these does Asia have?

Answer 36

All of the above

Question 37

What are the two wettest states?

Answer 37

Hawaii gets the most rainfall then Louisiana

Question 38

What is the ecological hierarchy in order?

Answer 38

Biome, landscape, ecosystems & ecotones, Biotic communities, populations, and species.

Question 39

What the two types of environmental factors?

Answer 39

Conditions and resources

Question 40

What are the five environmental conditions or TROSS?

Answer 40

Temperature, Salinity, rainfall/water, sunlight, and oxygen.

Question 41

What is percent of the air is oxygen, and is oxygen soluble in water?

Answer 41

Oxygen is relatively insoluble in water, and twenty percent of air is oxygen.

Question 42

What are the environmental resources?

Answer 42

Nutrients, water, sunlight, oxygen, and food.

Question 43

What mangrove is the least sensitive to cold temperatures?

Answer 43

Black Mangroves

Question 44

Why is most of the ocean in the dark?

Answer 44

Because sunlight sufficient for photosynthesis only goes 100m deep into the ocean and the ocean is 3700m deep.

Question 45

How does CO2 enter plants in aquatic systems for photosynthesis?

Answer 45

Gas exchange from the atmosphere.

Question 46

In regard to abiotic factors, every species has

Answer 46

Optimum range, zones of stress, and limits of tolerance.

Question 47

Mangroves in Louisiana are spreading more, why?

Answer 47

Because of hotter summers.

Question 48

Why did the global average temperature go down in the 1940s-197-80s?

Answer 48

Due to high levels of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere, from industrial activities post WW2 and volcanic eruptions.

Question 49

What causes global dimming?

Answer 49

Aerosols, from coal-burning power plants, fires, and industrial emissions, reflect sunlight and create a cooling effect.