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Micro > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Achaea best known for

A

Growth in anaerobic, hypersaline, ph extremes, and high temp habitats
They can live anywhere though

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2
Q

What is pleomorphic

A

No distinct shape or having a unique shape/arrangement

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3
Q

What are two common shapes for archaea

A

Cocci and rods

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4
Q

What is the most common cell envelope in archaea and what is it made of

A

S-layer made of proteins which is different from glycocalyx because that is made of sugars
Archaea don’t really have glycocalyx they have s-layer instead

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5
Q

What are the five membrane set ups known about in archaea

A

S-layer
S-layer and outer coating on top (sugar or protein)
Protein or sugar on top then the s-layer
Carb or protein layer and no s-layer
Double plasma membrane

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6
Q

What are hydrocarbons derived from

A

Isoprene units which are five carbon branched molecules

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7
Q

How are hydrocarbons attached to a glycerol in archaea

A

By an ether rather than an ester
Bacteria are attached by ester

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8
Q

Why is the presence of ringed structures within the plasma membrane important for archaea

A

Ring structures increase rigidity of the membrane

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9
Q

What is a nucleoid

A

Region in the cytoplasm that contains circular chromosomes and nucleoid associated proteins (NAPs)

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10
Q

Why is supercoiling and NAPs important in archaea

A

They assist in folding and in chromosome condensation

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11
Q

What do histones do for archaea

A

They organize the chromosomes into nucleosomes that are related to those in eukaryotes

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12
Q

True or false: archaea don’t have membrane bound organelles

A

True they are like prokaryotes

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13
Q

How does dna replication work in archaea

A

Similar to bacteria
Use dna polymerase and initiation proteins

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14
Q

What is cell division like in archaea

A

MreB and FtsZ are useful for binary fission as they are cytoskeletal elements
They also have eukaryotic like proteins involved as well

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15
Q

How does transcription work in archaea

A

DNA strand binds to tata box in the promoter
The promoter is what tells rna polymerase where to start transcription

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16
Q

How does translation work in archaea

A

Ask Annabelle about slide 12

17
Q

How does translation work in archaea

A

Ask Annabelle about slide 12

18
Q

What is the ribosomal makeup of archaeal ribosomes

A

70s constructed of 50s and 30s subunits

19
Q

What is different about the rRNA molecule in archaea vs bacteria

A

Similar in size but nucleotide sequence is different

20
Q

How does protein composition differ in archaea ribosomes

A

They have r-proteins
They are unaffected by antibiotics that target the ribosomes
Archaea are more similar to eukarya than bacteria

21
Q

What are pili

A

Made of pilin proteins that are made in the cytoplasm and anchor to a protein complex in the plasma membrane

22
Q

What is a cannulae

A

Archaeal pili that is hollow and tubelike on the surface of thermophilic archaea
Give daughter cells that arise from cell division connection to one another

23
Q

What are hami

A

Resemble grappling hooks
May work to attach cells to surfaces
Seen in biofilm communities

24
Q

Are flagella or bacteria thinner?

A

Flagella
Some are made of more than one type of protein
Filaments are not hollow

25
Q

How does rotation work in archaea

A

Powered by atp hydrolysis rather than proton motive force which bacteria use
Direction is forward and backward

26
Q

True or false: swimming in archaea is efficient

A

Fake even though they can swim at fast speeds it is inefficient

27
Q

How does rotation work in bacteria

A

Proton moves through membrane and causes flagella to swim
This is called the proton motive force

28
Q

Slide 17

A

Check with Annabelle

29
Q

What do you find in volcanic hot springs

A

Extremely thermophilic sulfur metabolites

30
Q

Slide 20, 21, 22

A

Ask Annabelle

31
Q

What do cell walls in archaea have

A

Psuedomurein but no peptidoglycan

Psuedomurein has nag and NAM as well as L amino acids

Micro (8 decks)

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