Chapter 1

Question 1

What are microorganisms

Answer 1

Organisms too small to be clearly seen by unaided eye, usually less than 1 mm

Question 2

What is the typical size of the micro bacteria

Answer 2

1-5 mm

Question 3

What are the four characteristics of cells we talked about in class

Answer 3

Reproduce sexually or asexually
Contain genetic material such as dna
Has cell membrane
Has ribosomes

Question 4

What are viroids

Answer 4

Free floating rna

Question 5

What are prions

Answer 5

Free floating proteins

Question 6

True or false: acellular organisms can cause disease/infection

Answer 6

True even though they dot have cells

Question 7

Who founded the domains of life and what are they and what kingdom do they fall in

Answer 7

Carl woese
Bacteria, Archean, eukarya
Kingdom moneya

Question 8

What comparison was used to separate the three domains of life

Answer 8

Ribosomal rna

Question 9

What ribosomal subunits do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have

Answer 9

Prokaryotes have 30+50=70
Eukaryotes have 40+60=80

Question 10

True or false: ribosomal rna is good at tolerating large mutations

Answer 10

False, mutation rate of 16s or 18s rna is very slow and not well tolerated

Question 11

How do bacteria and archaea increase gene pool

Answer 11

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 12

How do eukaryotes increase diversity

Answer 12

Through sexual reproduction

Question 13

What is serology

Answer 13

Study of body fluids based on antibodies

Question 14

What is a pure culture

Answer 14

An isolated strand

Question 15

Who was Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 15

Father of microbiology
Created the microscope
1673
Merchant sold cloth

Question 16

What is spontaneous generation

Answer 16

Living organisms can develop from non living matter

Question 17

What did Francesco redi do

Answer 17

Did the three containers of meat experiment
Discovered spontaneous generation isn’t real

Question 18

What did Louis Pasteur do

Answer 18

Founded pasteurization which is heating and cooling to kill pathogenic organisms
Pasteur is wine spoilage
He used weakened forms as vaccines

Question 19

What did lady montagu do

Answer 19

Took out from blister and put it in scratches to prevent smallpox

Question 20

What are Koch’s postulates

Answer 20

Microorganisms must be present in every case of disease but absent from healthy organisms
Microorganisms must be isolated and grown in pure culture
Same disease must result from inoculation of isolated microorganisms into healthy organisms
Same microorganisms must be isolated from diseased host

Question 21

Why are Koch’s postulates not infallible

Answer 21

Organisms can be isolated in pure culture
There is no appropriate animal model
Opportunistic infection and prolonged latency before disease development