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Modern Biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of heredity and its biological processes

A

GENETICS

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2
Q

The groundwork on which heredity stands is known as ________

A

inheritance

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3
Q

Father of Modern Genetics

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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4
Q

amount of dissimilarity of the children to parents

A

Variation

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5
Q

plant used by mendel for 7 years to propose law of inheritance

A

Garden Pea (Pisum Sativum)

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6
Q

in hybridization, how many characteristics of pisum sativum did mendel chose

A

seven

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7
Q

t orf
mendel used true-breeding or those that can self-pollinate

A

true

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8
Q

anak is the ____ filial
apo is the _____ 2nd

A

1st
2nd

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9
Q

2 laws of inheritance

A

law of dominance
law of segregation

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10
Q

distinct elements termed as factors control the characteristics. these factors at all times exists as a couple.

A

law of dominance

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11
Q

trait that appears in the next generation

A

dominant trait

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12
Q

alleleles dont blend and the two characteristics are recuperated all through the gamete formation

A

law of segregation

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13
Q

comparable type of gametes

A

homozygous

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14
Q

diverse sorts of gametes

A

heterozygous

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15
Q

same alleles (RR or rr)

A

homozygous

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16
Q

diff alleles (Rr)

A

heterozygous

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17
Q

discovery that was done after mendel’s work

A

incomplete dominance

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18
Q

the situation in which both the alleles do not display a dominant trait resulting in a fine combination or a midway amid

A

incomplete dominance

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19
Q

two alleles lack the dominant-recessive association and thus the duo affects the creature together

A

codominancee

20
Q

example of this is blood type AB

A

codominance

21
Q

the separation of one set of characteristics is autonomous of the other set of characteristics when they are pooled in a hybrid

A

Law of Independent Assortment

22
Q

the coupling and split of a set of chromosomes will cause a split in the set of genes (factor) they carry

A

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

23
Q

xx

A

female

24
Q

xy

A

male

25
Q

this particular nuclear arrangement was found in only 50 percent of sperms

A

x

26
Q

the ova which obtained the x chromosome is born as a

A

female

27
Q

those ova that didnt receive x chromosomes where born as a

A

male

28
Q

how many pair of chromosomes in human body?

A

23

29
Q

how many pair of autosomes

A

22

30
Q

hoy many pair of sex chromosomes

A

1

31
Q

the occurrence to which a modification in DNA happens and causes a variation in the phenotype and genotype of a creature

A

mutation

32
Q

disorders of a mendelian nature include

A

haemophilia
sickle cell anaemia
phenylketonuria

33
Q

a rare disorder where blood doesn’t clot

A

haemophilia

34
Q

a inherited disorder where the red blood cell is shaped like sickle so there is a slow blood flow

A

sickle cell anaemia

35
Q

rare inherited disorder (PKU)

A

phenylketonuria

36
Q

disorders of a chromosomal nature include

A

down’s syndrome
klinefelter’s syndrome
turners syndrome

37
Q

extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21

A

down’s syndrome

38
Q

extra copy of x chromosome (boys)

A

klinefelter’s syndrome

39
Q

one of the x chromosome is missing (girls)

A

turner’s syndrome

40
Q

a model describing the way information stored in our DNA is converted into a functional product such as protein.

A

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

41
Q

who proposed central dogma of molecular biplogy who also co-discovered the structure of DNA

A

Francis Crick

42
Q

DNA to protein process:
1
2 (DNA to RNA)
3 (RNA to protein)

A

DNA replication
transcription
translation

43
Q

to make proteins, cells first copy the specific genetic instruction in their DNA into a messenger molecule called ___. This is then converted to the final product. This process is called ____________________

A

RNA
gene expression

44
Q

model that describes the flow of genetic information

A

central dogma

45
Q

Central dogma flow is from DNA code to RNA messnger to final protein product. true or false?

A

true

46
Q

t or f: proteins are made up of amino acids

A

true

47
Q

t or f: DN and RNA are nucleic acid made of nucleotides

A

true

Modern Biology (6 decks)

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