CHAPTER 4 Flashcards
Provides DNA “blueprints” for making proteins
NUCLEUS
Appear as round structure associated with chromosomes
NUCLEOLI
Surrounding membrane around nucleus
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
Controls the movement of the substances that goes in and out of the nucleus
PORES
Organelles that are formed in the cytoplasm and direct the synthesis of proteins, using genetic instruction in the form of messenger RNA
RIBOSOMES
The site of most proteins and lipids synthesize, a network of connected membranes.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Makes lipids and modifies/metabolize the structure of some carbohydrates
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Dotted with protein synthesizing ribosomes, resulting in rough appearance of the exterior which typically consists of flattened interconnected sacs called cisternae
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
The space within the cisternae and tubules of the ER
LUMEN
Completes and ships products. Stacks of five to eight membrane-covered sacs called cisternae.
GOLGI APPARATUS
Converts energy into stored chemical energy. Synthesizes the food by the process of photosynthesis
CHLOROPLAST
The colour plastids found in all flowers, fruits, and are mainly responsible for their distinctive colours.
CHROMOPLASTS
Colorless plastids and are mainly used for the storage of starch, lipids, and proteins within the plant cell
LEUCOPLASTS
Converts energy into energy to power cell, plays a major role in breaking down nutrients and generating energy-rich molecules for the cell
MITOCHONDRIA
THREA AND GRANULE-LIKE
MITOS and CHONDRION
The most important function of mitochondrion
Produce energy through OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
Plays a variety of roles in cell metabolism and cell shape
VACUOLE
Surrounding membrane of the vacuole
TONOPLAST
Helps maintain the dynamic activities and shape of the cell
CYTOSKELETON
3 types of threadlike proteins that make up the cytoskeleton
MICROTUBULES
MICRO FILAMENT (ACTIN FILAMENT)
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT
Thickest of the three component; alpha and beta tubulins
MICROTUBULES
Thinnest component
ACTIN FILAMENT/MICROFILAMENT
Middle range
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
Gatekeeping barriers around and within the cell
MEMBRANE
Contains a bilayer called phospolipids
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
Form the basic structure of the plasma membrane and the membranes surrounding organelles
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Protect plant cells and define cell shape. The non-living component covering the outmost layer of a cell
CELL WALL
Three major layers of cell wall
PRIMARY CELL WALL
THE MIDDLE LAMELLA
THE SECONDARY CELL WALL
