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Chemistry > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

Scientist…wave-particle duality

A

Einstein

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1
Q

Scientist… Light as quanta of energy

A

Mac Planck

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2
Q

Scientist…planetary model of the atom

A

Bohr

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3
Q

Scientist…wavelike properties of electrons

A

Broglie

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4
Q

Scientist…the uncertainty principle

A

Heisenberg

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5
Q

Information scientists obtained for photoelectric effect

A
  1. Frequency of light has to be above a certain minimum for the photoelectric effect to occur
  2. Photons-light exists as a particle and as a wave
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6
Q

Scientist… Wave equation and quantum model of the atom

A

Schrodinger

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7
Q

Difference between ground and excited state of an atom

A

The ground state is the lowest energy of an atom and the excited state is when the atom has a higher potential energy

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8
Q

How are the excited states and ground states related to the atom giving off a photon

A

Electrons release energy and the energy goes back to the ground state and a photon is given off

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9
Q

Why is it that the energy levels of an atom can be determined by measuring the light emitted from the atom?

A

Specific bands of color=specific energies

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10
Q

Higher frequency=

A

higher energy

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11
Q

higher frequency=

A

shorter wavelength

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12
Q

red has a ________ wavelength

A

long

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13
Q

violet has a ________ wavelength

A

short

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14
Q

of orientations for s

A

1

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15
Q

of orientations for p

A

3

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16
Q

of orientations for d

A

5

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17
Q

of orientations for f

A

7

18
Q

how is bohr’s model of the atom similar to the quantum model

A
  • nucleus with protons
  • not surrounded by electrons
  • electrons exist in certain energies
19
Q

how is bohr’s model of the atom different to the quantum model

A
  • bohr had specific circular orbitals
  • bohr tried to predict exactly where the electrons were
  • quantum- electrons in 3d orbitals, not circular orbitals
20
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

no electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers

21
Q

aufbau principle

A

an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it

22
Q

exceptions to the aufbau principle

A
  • half-full sub levels are more stable
  • to make d and f sub levels more stable, electrons will go into orbitals with a higher energy first
  • atoms are more stable with a full energy level, full sub level(s,p,d,f) or a half full sub level
23
Q

electromagnetic radiation

A

form of energy that exhibits wavelength behavior as it travels through space

24
Q

wavelength represented by_____(symbol)

A

lambda

25
Q

frequency measured in

A

hertz

26
Q

photoelectric effect

A

the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metals

27
Q

wave-particle duality

A

light is both a wave and a stream of particles called photons

28
Q

photon

A

particle that transmits light

29
Q

continuous spectrum

A

emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

30
Q

what causes the spectrum of an element

A

energy state of an atom

31
Q

what happens to extra energy

A

absorbed by electrons

32
Q

what determines the color of light

A

the wavelength of radiation

33
Q

when electrons absorb more energy, they move _______ from the nucleus

A

farther

34
Q

heinsenberg uncertainty principle

A

it is impossible to determine both the position and velocity of an electron

35
Q

schrodinger wave equation

A

tells the probability of finding an electron in a given area(orbital) around the nucleus

36
Q

4 types of quantum numbers

A
  • principal
  • angular momentum
  • magnetic
  • spin
37
Q

orbital shapes:

A

s, p,d,f,g

38
Q

possible values of spin quantum number

A

+1/2 or -1/2

39
Q

aufbau principle

A

an electron that occupies the lowest energy level can receive it

40
Q

pauli exclusion principle

A

no 2 electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers

41
Q

hund’s rule

A

orbitals of = energy are occupied by one electron before an orbital is occupied by a 2nd electrons

42
Q

octet rule

A

atoms gain, lose, or share electrons until they have eight valence electrons

Chemistry (7 decks)

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