Chapter 4

Question 1

Ecosystem was introduced by…in ….

Answer 1

Sir Arthur George Tansley- 1935

Question 2

T/F: Arthur Tansley considered ecosystem the basic unit of ecology.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

different factors in an ecosystem

Answer 3

1. Abiotic: energy, Air, Water, Chemical elements, Temp
2. Physical factors (abiotic): Wind & Waves
3. biotic components: Autotrophs(plants, algae, some bacteria), Heterotrophs(animals, fungi, protists, Bacteria)
4. All ecosystems require energy( mostly solar energy).

Question 4

three components of an ecosystem:

Answer 4

Abiotic factors, heterotrophs, & autotrophs

Question 5

ecosystem

Answer 5

the biotic community and abiotic environment that function as a system

Question 6

organisms based on their energy requirements:

Answer 6

1. Autotrophs( producers)
2. Heterotrophs ( consumers)

Question 7

T/F: Green plants are the most important group
of primary producers on land

Answer 7

True

Question 8

chemo lithotrophic organisms are

Answer 8

Some bacteria that get their energy from oxidizing
inorganic compounds such as iron. they are autotrophs

Question 9

T/F: primary consumers are herbivores

Answer 9

true/ heterotrophs eat autotrophs, thus they are herbivores

Question 10

Carnivores

Answer 10

secondary/tertiary heterotrophs, they eat other heterotrophs

Question 11

Destruents

Answer 11

destruents/decomposers are heterotrophs living on dead organisms

Question 12

hydrothermal vents

Answer 12

1. on the ocean floors along the faultlines(4000-5000m deep)
2. cold water moves toward hot magma and heated up to 400 degrees and goes back to ocean via currents.

Question 13

waters going back to oceans from hydrothermal vents contain ?

Answer 13

sulfides & metals

Question 14

tube worms

Answer 14

primary produces/ chemotrophic bacteria
1. require sunlight and oxygen
2. mostly aerobic
3. ocean currents move the oxygen from surface to deep seas

Question 15

T/F: animals tolerating high concentration of sulfide contain symbiotic sulfide-oxidizing bacteria in their tissues

Answer 15

True

Question 16

with reduction in temp, annual npp decreases

Answer 16

true

Question 17

NPP is …

Answer 17

Net primary production : the amount of energy the producers are able to fix

Question 18

T/F: In the summer, many birds breed in
the Arctic. They spend their winters
in different parts of the world

Answer 18

true

Question 19

NPPt of tundra shrubs

Answer 19

780 g/m^2year
or
8.6 g/m^2day

Question 20

migratory birds rely on seasonal resources

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F: Most of the long-distance migrants are shore birds

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Shore-bird habitat

Answer 22

1. shallow water> high algal productivity> high light & nutrient availability> warm
2. warm> high food availability for shrimps, shellfish, and worms> more food for birds

Question 23

with increase in geese population…

Answer 23

changes in vegetation of breeding grounds, less vascular plants, more mosses

Question 24

T/F: Change in agricultural practice in southern parts of
North-America has consequences for vegetation
and arthropods in the arctic

Answer 24

true