Chapter 4 Flashcards
Ecosystem was introduced by…in ….
Sir Arthur George Tansley- 1935
T/F: Arthur Tansley considered ecosystem the basic unit of ecology.
True
different factors in an ecosystem
- Abiotic: energy, Air, Water, Chemical elements, Temp
- Physical factors (abiotic): Wind & Waves
- biotic components: Autotrophs(plants, algae, some bacteria), Heterotrophs(animals, fungi, protists, Bacteria)
- All ecosystems require energy( mostly solar energy).
three components of an ecosystem:
Abiotic factors, heterotrophs, & autotrophs
ecosystem
the biotic community and abiotic environment that function as a system
organisms based on their energy requirements:
- Autotrophs( producers)
- Heterotrophs ( consumers)
T/F: Green plants are the most important group
of primary producers on land
True
chemo lithotrophic organisms are
Some bacteria that get their energy from oxidizing
inorganic compounds such as iron. they are autotrophs
T/F: primary consumers are herbivores
true/ heterotrophs eat autotrophs, thus they are herbivores
Carnivores
secondary/tertiary heterotrophs, they eat other heterotrophs
Destruents
destruents/decomposers are heterotrophs living on dead organisms
hydrothermal vents
- on the ocean floors along the faultlines(4000-5000m deep)
- cold water moves toward hot magma and heated up to 400 degrees and goes back to ocean via currents.
waters going back to oceans from hydrothermal vents contain ?
sulfides & metals
tube worms
primary produces/ chemotrophic bacteria
1. require sunlight and oxygen
2. mostly aerobic
3. ocean currents move the oxygen from surface to deep seas
T/F: animals tolerating high concentration of sulfide contain symbiotic sulfide-oxidizing bacteria in their tissues
True
with reduction in temp, annual npp decreases
true
NPP is …
Net primary production : the amount of energy the producers are able to fix
T/F: In the summer, many birds breed in
the Arctic. They spend their winters
in different parts of the world
true
NPPt of tundra shrubs
780 g/m^2year
or
8.6 g/m^2day
migratory birds rely on seasonal resources
True
T/F: Most of the long-distance migrants are shore birds
true
Shore-bird habitat
- shallow water> high algal productivity> high light & nutrient availability> warm
- warm> high food availability for shrimps, shellfish, and worms> more food for birds
with increase in geese population…
changes in vegetation of breeding grounds, less vascular plants, more mosses
T/F: Change in agricultural practice in southern parts of
North-America has consequences for vegetation
and arthropods in the arctic
true
