Chapter 11

Question 1

biosphere

Answer 1

The totality of living beings on Earth, as well as
those parts of the oceans, atmosphere, and lithosphere with
which living organisms interact

Question 2

Eduard Suess

Answer 2

1831-1914:
coined the term biosphere

Question 3

Vladimir Vernadsky

Answer 3

1863-1945:
elaborated on biosphere

Question 4

Atmospheric composition of the real
biosphere remains fairly stable.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Gaia hypothesis

Answer 5

Life, or the biosphere, regulates or
maintains the climate and the
atmospheric composition
at an optimum for itself

Question 6

James Lovelock hypothesized Gaia

Answer 6

true

Question 7

if the sun is
getting hotter, feedback
mechanisms associated with
life will cool the planet down

Answer 7

true

Question 8

coccolithic algae emits volatile dimethyl sulfide(DMS)

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Affect of DMS

Answer 9

Dimethylsulfide is oxidized to sulfate, which increses condensation:
more clouds

Question 10

Albedo

Answer 10

measure for reflectance of a surface

Question 11

development of the composition of earth’s atmosphere

Answer 11

oxidation of methane, denitrification by micro-organisms, fixation of co2 by photosynthesis, fossilization, photosynthesis

Answer 12

lack of oxygen,

Question 13

impact of terrestrial vegetation

Answer 13

precipitation:Evapotranspiration from tropical rainforest leads to
cloud formation

Question 14

tropical deforestation may affect precipitation globally

Answer 14

true

Question 15

affect of CO2

Answer 15

CO2 and
methane lead to warming

Question 16

greenhouse effect

Answer 16

CO2 and
methane lead to warming

Question 17

climate engineering

Answer 17

deliberate and large-scale intervention in
the Earth’s climatic system with the aim
of affecting adverse global warming, e.g.
by increasing cloudiness.