Chapter 4

Question 1

anxious-avoidant insecure attachment

Answer 1

when a child who will tend to ignore the caregiver during both separations and reunifications

Question 2

anxious-resistant (or ambivalent) insecure attachment

Answer 2

in a child who will explore less than a child with a secure attachment when his caregiver is present

Question 3

attachment insecurity

Answer 3

develops when an internal working model of the self as unworthy of care and others as unreliable caregivers emerges

Question 4

attachment security

Answer 4

emerges when the needs of a young child are consistently met and his/her internal working model generally espouses a view of him/herself as worth of care and others as reliable caregivers

Question 5

autonomous

Answer 5

(i.e., securely attached) adult is one who values attachment relationships and is able to talk about caregiving experiences in a way that is balanced, coherent, consistent, and open

Question 6

borderline personality disorder

Answer 6

a mental disorder characterized by instability in mood, behaviour, and relationships

Question 7

clinical samples

Answer 7

groups of research participants who are diagnosed with a mental disorder and receiving mental health care in a outpatient clinic or psychiatric hospital for example

Question 8

dismissing

Answer 8

adults tend to de-emphasize the impact of caregiving experiences (particularly negative ones) and will struggle to provide answers that thoroughly describe early caregiving

Question 9

disorganized

Answer 9

adults show evidence of prior difficult caregiving experiences that are unresolved in adulthood

Question 10

disorganized attachment

Answer 10

children that cannot be classified into one of the main attachment categories; behaviors commonly observed among children with this attachment include contradictory behaviors; behaviors that are incongruent with affect; stereotypic, jerky movements and freezing

Question 11

dissociative symptoms

Answer 11

associated with disorganized attachment and can include temporary lapses in memory, sense of unreal-ness, and disconnection from those around you

Question 12

externalizing symptoms

Answer 12

behavior problems including non-compliance and hostility

Question 13

internal working model

Answer 13

developed by Bowlby and understood as a template that we carry with us, across development, and use to make sense of ourselves and our social world

Question 14

internalizing symptoms

Answer 14

emotional in nature and include depressive and anxious symptoms

Question 15

longitudinal study

Answer 15

research design that collects data from the same group of people across time

Question 16

meta-analytic studies

Answer 16

combine results from many previously published studies to give us a better picture of how research has accumulated across time

Question 17

preoccupied adults

Answer 17

produce an interview that is dominated by excessive attention towards his or her caregivers and anger may dominate the interview