Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

achieved status

A

a status that a person chooses or becomes associated with due to behaviors or skills.

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2
Q

ascribed status

A

a status given to an individual through no choice or action of her or his own; it is a status granted by circumstances of birth.

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3
Q

caste

A

a tightly bounded social group based on family background. Caste systems assign individuals to a position at birth, and mobility between castes is restricted.

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4
Q

class (or social class)

A

a cultural category describing how people are grouped according to their positions within the economy.

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5
Q

cultural capital

A

cultural knowledge, including linguistic skills.

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6
Q

ethnicity

A

a category based on the sense of group affiliation derived from a distinct heritage or worldview as a “people.”

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7
Q

hypodescent

A

the belief that race is inherited from one’s ancestors.

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8
Q

institution

A

a cluster of statuses organized around a common focus, such as education, law, or art.

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9
Q

instrumentalism (or constructivism)

A

the idea that ethnicity changes with people’s interests and context.

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10
Q

master status

A

the status that tends to be most important in shaping a person’s life.

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11
Q

open class system

A

a class system in which it is possible for people to move from one class to another.

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12
Q

prestige

A

the social affirmation and approval given to some members of society.

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13
Q

primordialism

A

the view that ethnic identity, like race, is a naturally occurring and immutable feature of human life.

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14
Q

race

A

a cultural category that divides the human race into subspecies based on supposed biological differences.

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15
Q

role

A

prescribes expected or required behaviors for those who occupy a particular status.

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16
Q

role conflict or role strain

A

the stress that occurs when the behavioral expectations from various roles come into play simultaneously.

17
Q

social inequality

A

the differential access to economic resources, political power, or social prestige that results from social stratification.

18
Q

social stratification

A

the organization of people into ranked groups, or hierarchies, based on particular characteristics.

19
Q

social structure

A

the ways people coordinate their lives in relation to one another at the level of society.

20
Q

status

A

any position a person may occupy in the social structure.

21
Q

wealth

A

economic status, or access to economic resources.