Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

code switching

A

the practice of keeping particular forms of speech separate in one’s life.

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2
Q

creole

A

type of language formed when speakers of different languages combine their languages.

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3
Q

descriptive linguistics

A

the study of specific features of individual languages, such as patterns of grammar and sounds.

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4
Q

design feature

A

an element that is common to all languages.

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5
Q

diachronic

A

studies that focus on change over time.

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6
Q

dialect

A

distinct but mutually intelligible forms of a single language.

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7
Q

ethnosemantics (or ethnoscience)

A

the study of the culturally and linguistically specific ways people make sense of the world.

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8
Q

grammar

A

the rules that people use to organize their speech.

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9
Q

historical linguistics

A

the study of how languages develop and change over time.

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10
Q

kinesics

A

body language

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11
Q

language

A

a system of verbal and nonverbal symbols used to communicate.

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12
Q

language family

A

a group of languages that derive from a common ancestor language.

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13
Q

language hierarchy

A

the system by which some languages or dialects have ranked political, economic, and social status.

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14
Q

language theory

A

an explanation of the general nature of language.

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15
Q

lexicon

A

all the morphemes of a particular language.

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16
Q

linguistic morphology

A

the patterns and structures of words in a language.

17
Q

linguistic nationalism

A

the use of language to promote nationalist ideologies.

18
Q

morphemes

A

units of language that carry meaning.

19
Q

official language

A

language sanctioned by a ruling body.

20
Q

paralanguage

A

certain qualities applied to particular words, such as volume, tone, or emphasis.

21
Q

philology

A

the study of societies through their texts.

22
Q

phonemes

A

the sounds available in any particular language.

23
Q

phonemics

A

the study of specific structures and sounds in a particular language.

24
Q

phonetics

A

the study of all possible structures and sounds humans use in language.

25
Q

phonology

A

the study of language sounds, including phonemics and phonetics.

26
Q

pidgin

A

language formed when speakers in a multilingual context use a simplified form of one language.

27
Q

protolanguage

A

the ancient language from which all the members of a particular language family are derived.

28
Q

regional dialect

A

an accent and word choice related to geography.

29
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

a hypothesis that posits that language shapes people’s perceptions, thoughts, and views of reality.

30
Q

social dialect

A

a way of speaking connected to class.

31
Q

social register

A

a way of speaking related to a specific setting.

32
Q

sociolinguistics

A

the study of how language is used by people in society.

33
Q

structuralism

A

a theory of language that says all languages share an underlying binary structure.

34
Q

symbol

A

something that stands for something else.

35
Q

synchronic

A

studies that focus on a given moment in time.

36
Q

syntax

A

the order in which morphemes appear.