Chapter 4 Flashcards
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
- stomach
- small intestines
- large intestines
- liver
- gallbladder
- spleen
- pancreas
- kidneys
What does the pelvic cavity contain?
- rectum
- sigmoid
- urinary bladder
- reproductive organs
What is the peritoneum?
double-walled membranous sac that encloses the cavity
What is the inner layer of the peritoneum called?
visceral peritoneum
What is the outer layer of the peritoneum called?
parietal peritoneum
What is the retroperitoneum? What structures are located there?
- the space behind the peritoneum
- kidneys and pancreas
What are the general procedural guidelines?
- exposure technique
- IR and collimation field size
- SID
- ID markers
- radiation protection
- patient and breathing instructions
When would you decrease the kVp for an abdomen x-ray? Why?
you decrease the kVp to 70 instead of 80 because 80 kVp will burn kidney stones
What is the collimation size for an abdomen x-ray?
- 35cm x 43cm (14in x 17in)
- 1in (2.5cm) of shadow of the abdomen flanks
What is the SID for an abdomen projection?
40in (102cm)
What are the breathing instructions for an abdomen x-ray? Why?
- take a deep breath in, blow it all out and hold
- the diaphragm goes up and we’re able to see all the organs
What is a KUB? What does it include? How many images is it?
- kidneys, ureters, bladder
- also known as a supine projection
- includes the pubic symphysis
- 1 image
What does an upright abdominal x-ray include? What is another name for it?
- diaphragm
- FUA - flat, upright abdomen, 2 images
What is a complete abdomen x-ray?
- 3 images:
- PA chest
- supine
- upright
What are the essential projections for the abdomen?
- AP supine
- AP upright
- PA upright
- left lateral decubitus
- R or L lateral
- R or L dorsal decubitus