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Principles Of Radiography (RAD-104-81003) > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Radiographer?

A

a radiologic technologist who administers ionizing radiation to perform radiographic procedures

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2
Q

What are patient care responsibilities of the radiographer?

A
  • communication
  • assessment
  • monitoring
  • support
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3
Q

How should a radiographer gain the trust of a patient?

A
  • introducing yourself and verifying patient info (name, DOB, procedure being done)
  • explaining the procedure before beginning and during
  • give clear directions and expectations
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4
Q

Explain ALARA

A

as low as reasonably achievable

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5
Q

What is the ASRT? What do they do?

A
  • American Society of Radiologic Technologists
  • define the practice of radiography
  • describe the necessary education and certification
  • includes:
  • the Radiographer Scope of Practice
  • Clinical Performance Standards
  • Quality Performance Standards
  • Professional Performance Standards
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6
Q

What is the ARRT?

A
  • American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
  • created and maintained the Standards of Ethics
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7
Q

What is ethics in radiology?

A

a profession’s moral responsibility and the science of appropriate conduct towards others

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8
Q

What is the Standards of Ethics?

A

includes a Code of Ethics and Rules of Ethics

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9
Q

What is the ARRT Code of Ethics?

A
  • serves as a professional guide for rad. techs.
  • 11 statements
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10
Q

How should a radiographic room be taken care of?

A
  • should be kept clean, sanitized, stocked, and organized
  • table should be cleaned after ever patient
  • any shields coming in contact with patients should be disinfected and cleaned daily
  • IRs should be protected from patient pathogens, clean from any adhesives, and disinfected
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11
Q

What are some standard precautions to prevent pathogen contamination?

A
  • perform hand hygiene
  • use PPE if possible to exposure to infectious material
  • follow respiratory / cough hygiene and etiquette
  • ensure appropriate patient placement
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12
Q

What is the easiest way to prevent the spread of microorganisms? When should it be done?

A
  • hand washing
  • before and after examining any and every patient
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13
Q

When using a free IR on a patient who is in isolation, where should the IR be placed?

A

under a clean sheet

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14
Q

Who should interpret radiographs? Why?

A
  • the radiologist
  • in the ASRT, they define what a radiographer’s role is and interpreting radiographs is out of the scope of practice
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15
Q

How should a patient be dressed for an x-ray?

A
  • remove any clothes from whatever body part that is being radiographed
  • removing jewelry and artifacts that may be radiographed during an x-ray
  • wear a gown that is not radiopaque
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of muscular tissue that affect motion?

A
  • smooth (involuntary)
  • cardiac (involuntary)
  • striated (voluntary)
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17
Q

What is involuntary motion caused by?

A
  • heart pulsation
  • chills
  • peristalsis
  • tremor
  • spasm
  • pain
18
Q

What is the primary method of reducing involuntary motion on images?

A

short exposure time

19
Q

What is voluntary motion caused by?

A
  • nervousness
  • discomfort
  • excitability
  • mental illness
  • fear
  • age
  • breathing
20
Q

What is the primary method of reducing voluntary motion on images?

A

short exposure time

21
Q

What are other methods to reduce voluntary motion on images?

A
  • giving clear instructions
  • provide patient comfort
  • adjusting support devices
  • applying immobilization
22
Q

What is an IR?

A

device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body part

23
Q

What are the 4 types of IRs?

A
  • solid-state digital radiography (digital radiography / DR)
  • photostimulable storage phosphor image plate (PSP IP; used for CR)
  • fluoroscopic IR
  • cassette with film
24
Q

The order of “the flow” steps will vary by what?

A
  • anatomy of interest
  • patient condition
  • type of equipment available
  • department protocol
25
Q

Technique charts characteristics

A
  • usually are in every room and on mobile machines
  • specifies projections performed in the room
  • includes exposure factors for each projection
26
Q

What are the primary factors radiographers can control?

A
  • mAs (milliampere-seconds)
  • kVp (kilovolt peak)
  • AECs (automatic exposure control)
  • SID
  • relative patient or part thickness
  • grid
  • CR/DR exposure indicators
  • collimation
  • electrical supply
27
Q

When should gonads be shielded?

A
  • when practical
  • when patient is of reproductive potential
  • when gonads lie within or close to primary x-ray field (~5cm)
28
Q

What are the general IR positions? Which is the most commonly used one?

A
  • lengthwise - used most commonly
  • crosswise
  • diagonal
29
Q

Why do we angle the CR through the body part of interest?

A
  • avoid superimposition of structures
  • “straighten out” a curved structure
  • align the CR through angled joints
  • avoid distortion
30
Q

What does the SID affect?

A
  • magnification
  • spatial resolution
  • patient dose
31
Q

Describe the relationship between SID and magnification

A

the farther the SID, the less magnification there is

32
Q

What is the SID for a chest x-ray? What is the SID if one isn’t mentioned?

A
  • 72 inches
  • if one isn’t mentioned, 40 inches
33
Q

Collimation characteristics

A
  • minimizes patient exposure
  • reduces scatter radiation
  • reduces the risk of an adverse effect on contrast resolution
34
Q

What is shuttering?

A

a software feature of digital radiography used for image display aesthetics only

35
Q

How can shuttering pose a problem?

A

bc shuttering can be used to crop images, rad. techs. can be tempted to overexpose a patient and then crop causing liability issues

36
Q

What must a radiographer evaluate in each radiograph?

A
  • acceptability of image features
  • proper radiation safety practices
  • if the objectives of performing the procedure have been met
  • presence of patient ID
  • proper marker placement
  • proper collimation
  • shielding
  • no artifacts
37
Q

Patient safety for overweight patients

A
  • make sure table can support patient weight
  • avoid talking about weight
  • make sure adequate personnel are available
  • communicate each process
38
Q

How do you find the pubic symphysis on patients who are less than 5ft, in between 5ft and 6ft, and more than 6ft?

A
  • locate the jugular notch
  • measure from notch
  • patients less than 5ft: 21in from notch
  • patients 5ft to 6ft: 22in from notch
  • patients over 6ft: 24in from notch
39
Q

What factors should be increased on obese patients? Why?

A
  • mA
  • kVp
  • exposure time
  • bc increasing these factors, esp. kVp increases the penetration of an x-ray beam
40
Q

T/F: a larger patient requires a bigger IR and bigger collimation field

A

F: just bc a patient looks bigger on the outside, does not mean they need a bigger IR and collimation field; this can cause the patient to be overexposed

Principles Of Radiography (RAD-104-81003) (12 decks)

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