Chapter 4 Flashcards
List characteristics of a pesticide that make it useful
-Reasonably easy to handle
-sufficiently safe to handle
-can be applied to reach the pest
-chemically stable so that it doesn’t lose effectiveness
Define active ingredient
the substance that actually effects a pest
define inert ingredients
make the product usable
Define Formulation
combination of active and inert ingredients
Differentiate between trade, common and chemical name
-trade, brand or product name is for advertising
-Chemical name identifies the chemical components
-Common names are used to describe lengthy chemical names such as DEET
Discuss product trade and common names active ingredients and how they relate across different products
Trade names can describe different active ingredients with the same name across different products. Common names describe the same active ingredient but not the concentration or formulation of the pesticide as a whole. This makes for dangerous misunderstandings if the label is not read thoroughly.
What is an emulsion
when one liquid is mixed into another as droplets such as oil in water
Describe Emulsified Concentrates
one or more petroleum based solvent and an emulsifying agent (emulsifier) that allows the formulation to be mixed with water. 25-75% active ingredient. Very common.
Advantages
- easy to handle and transport
-not abrasive, will not plug screens and leave little residue
Disadvantages
- may be flammable
- high concentrations make calibration of the mixture difficult
-easily absorbed through the skin make them dangerous
Describe Solutions
a solution of active ingredient and carrier
Describe Wettable Powders
Powders that are mixed with water in order to spray
Advantages
- easy to store and transport
-excellent residual activity
-harder to absorb through skin
Disadvantages
- greater inhalation hazard
- may clog sprayer
- abrasive to parts and needs to agitated often
Soluble powders
-form a solution instead of a suspension
-no agitation necessary
-active ingredient amount usually >50%
-all the adv. of WP but none of the disadv.
-still risk of inhalation and skin exposure
-uncommon because few active ingredients go into solution
Flowable(F or L)
-combines characteristics of ECs and WPs
-impregnated clay
-require agitation
-abrasive
-disadv. similar to ECs
Water Dispersible Granules (WDG) or
Dry Flowables (DF)
-like wettable powders
-need constant agitation
-high active ingredient concentration
-very similars to WPs except easier to handle
Ready To Use Low Concentrate Solutions (RTU)
-no dilution
-small amount of active ingredient in solvent
-limited availability and hish cost
-good for structural pests, not good for plants
Ultra Low Volume (ULV)
-very concentrated
-no agitation
-easy to handle store ad transport
-dangerous when contacting skin
Invert Emulsions
-good for areas where no drift is required
Aerosols (A)
-low percentage active ingredient
(A) for smoke or fog generators
easy way to fill an enclosed space with pesticide such as a green house
Dusts (D)
-10% or less active ingredient
-often applied to live stock and seeds or or in hard to reach places
Granules (G)
-risk for birds
-easy to apply to soil but thats it
-can be used in aerial applications to penetrate vegetation or decrease drift
Pellets(P)
-very similar to granules just have more uniform size
Bait
exactly what you think and dont forget liquid bait
pastes, gels and other injectable baits
pastes and gels used for structural pests
microencapsulated materials
good for prolonged effectiveness and release
bad for bees
