Chapter 2

Question 1

Problems pests can cause

Answer 1

Structural damage
Property damage
Food/Crop damage or contamination
Spread of disease and other health risks
Invasive species damage to the environment
Reduced aesthetics
Impaired function of human made structural systems

Question 2

Reasons why pests come into conflict with humans

Answer 2

Pests simply need

Food
Water
Shelter
Breeding Sites

Question 3

Conflict over need for food example

Answer 3

Carpenter ants cause structural damage while converting lignin to food in house timbers

Question 4

Conflict over need for water

Answer 4

Earwigs searching for water and finding leaky pipes

Question 5

Conflict over need for shelter

Answer 5

Stink bugs need winter shelter and often find it inside homes

Question 6

Conflict over the need for breeding sites

Answer 6

Wasps nest under eaves and decks in direct conflict with human habitation

Question 7

Example of an insect

Answer 7

6 legged invertebrates
Grass hopper, ants etc.

Question 8

Other invertebrate Pest example

Answer 8

Spiders, ticks, nematodes, mollusks, mites and centipedes

Question 9

Vertebrate pest example

Answer 9

Rats, mice, deer, squirrels, birds, fish

Question 10

Plant pest example

Answer 10

Any and all weeds, any and all invasives

Question 11

Microorganism pest example

Answer 11

Fungi, bacteria and viruses

Question 12

Describe No Metamorphosis

Answer 12

Silverfish and springtails have no change except size. Stages; egg, young, adult.

Question 13

Describe Gradual Metamorphosis

Answer 13

3 stages of development, egg, nymph (with multiple instars) and adult. Examples; cockroaches, termites, grasshoppers, aphids.

Question 14

Describe Complete Metamorphosis

Answer 14

Four stages of development; egg, larva (with multiple instars), pupa and adult. The young called larvae, include caterpillars, maggots and grubs. Examples; beetles, moths, flies, ants, fleas and wasps.

Question 15

What are Annual weeds?

Answer 15

Sprout from seed, mature and produce more seed and then die in one year or less. Many broadleaves and grass species. Ex. Crabgrass

Question 16

What are Biennials?

Answer 16

Broadleaf plants that have a 2 year life cycle. First year they grow from seed and develop extensive root structure and small compact cluster of leaves called a rosette. Second year the plant grows tall mature and produce seed.

Question 17

What are perennials?

Answer 17

Plants that live more than 2 years and include many grasses and broadleaves. Plants that resprout in the spring from root structures and or spread vegetatively.

Question 18

Where on the label will you find the site and pests that the pesticide applies to?

Answer 18

Directions of use

Question 19

Why would a pesticide only be directed for use during a certain life stage of the pest?

Answer 19

Many pests are more susceptible to pesticides during its early life stages. As pest grow older, they are often less susceptible to pesticides.