Chapter 4. Flashcards
An approach to case formulation or assessment that emphasizes the detailed representation of the individual child or family as a unique entity. This approach is in contrast to the nomothetic approach, which instead emphasizes the general laws that apply to all individuals.
idiographic case formulation
An approach to case formulation or assessment that emphasizes general principles that apply to all people. This approach contrasts with the idiographic approach, which instead emphasizes a detailed representation of the individual or family as a unique entity.
nomothetic formulation
A process of differentiating, defining, and
measuring the behaviors, cognitions, and emotions that are of concern, as well as the environmental circumstances that may be contributing to these problems.
Clinical assessments
The prediction of the course or outcome of a disorder.
Prognosis
The identification of a disorder from an examination of the symptoms.
Diagnosis
A pattern of co-occurring, relatively invariant symptoms associated with a particular cultural group, community, or context. These syndromes rarely fit neatly into one Western diagnostic category.
Cultural syndromes
A summary of unique behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that together make up the features of a given psychological disorder.
clinical description
Information obtained from the parents about potentially significant historical milestones and events that might have a bearing on the child’s current difficulties.
developmental history
The process of using assessment information to generate a treatment plan and evaluate its effectiveness.
Treatment planning and evaluation
A clinical assessment that emphasizes the importance of obtaining information from different informants, in a variety of settings, using a variety of procedures that include interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests.
multimethod assessment approach
Using a background questionnaire or interview, information is obtained from the parents regarding potentially significant developmental milestones and historical events that might have a bearing on the child’s current difficulties.
family history
The evaluation of the child’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in specific settings. On the basis of this evaluation, hypotheses are formulated about the nature of the problem and what can be done about it.
Behavioral assessment
A common symptom of major depressive disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder characterized by easy annoyance and touchiness, an angry mood, and temper outbursts.
Depressed Mood/Irritability
Interviews that include specific questions designed to elicit information in a relatively consistent manner regardless of who is conducting the interview. The interview format usually ensures that the most important aspects of a particular disorder are covered.
semistructured interviews
Disorders involve distressing somatic symptoms and concerns, such as pain and dizziness, that interfere with daily activities and are accompanied by anxiety or worry about the seriousness of the symptoms.
Somatic Symptoms
An effort to identify as many factors as possible that could be contributing to a child’s problem behavior, thoughts, and feelings and to develop hypotheses about which ones are the most important and/or the most easily changed.
Behavior analysis
Behaviors that are the primary problems of concern.
target behaviors
An effort to identify as many factors as possible that could be contributing to a child’s problem behavior, thoughts, and feelings and to develop hypotheses about which ones are the most important and/or the most easily changed.
functional analysis of behavior
A task or set of tasks given under standard conditions with the purpose of assessing some aspect of the subject’s knowledge, skill, personality, or condition.
test
A form of assessment that presents the child with ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures of people. The hypothesis is that the child will “project” his or her own personality onto the ambiguous stimuli of other people and things. Without being aware, the child discloses his or her unconscious thoughts and feelings to
Projective tests
Tests used to assess infants and young children that are generally carried out for the purposes of screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of early development.
Developmental tests
Identification of subjects at risk for a specific negative outcome.
Screening
A form of assessment that attempts to link brain functioning with objective measures of behavior known to depend on an intact central nervous system.
neuropsychological assessment
An empirically based approach to the diagnosis and classification of child psychopathology that assumes that there are a number of independent dimensions or traits of behavior possessed by all children to varying degrees.
Dimensional classification
A term used in DSM-5 to describe more homogeneous subgroups of individuals with the disorder who share particular features (e.g., age at onset, severity) and to communicate information that is relevant to treatment of the disorder (e.g., a co-occurring condition).
specifiers
A broad concept that encompasses many different theories and methods with a range of problem-solving strategies directed at helping the child and family adapt more effectively to their current and future circumstances.
Intervention
Activities directed at decreasing the chances that undesired future outcomes will occur.
Prevention
Efforts to increase adherence to treatment over time in order to prevent a relapse or recurrence of a problem.
maintenance
Corrective actions that will permit successful adaptation by eliminating or reducing the impact of an undesired outcome that has already occurred.
Treatment
The hypothesis that treatment is likely to be more effective when compatible with the cultural patterns of the child and family.
cultural compatibility hypothesis
Clearly specified treatments shown to be effective in controlled research studies with specific populations.
evidence-based treatments (EBTs)
Systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patients with decisions regarding appropriate treatment(s) for specific clinical conditions.
Best practice guidelines
