Chapter 2 Brain Parts

Question 1

hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is released into the bloodstream in response to stress

Answer 1

epinephrine

Question 2

regulatory system of the brain that influences a person’s response to stress and ability to regulate emotions

Answer 2

hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis

Question 3

Enable self-control, judgment, emotional regulation; restructured in teen years.

Answer 3

Frontal lobes

Question 4

Enables intelligence, consciousness, and self-awareness; reaches full maturity in 20s

Answer 4

Corpus callosum

Question 5

Integrate auditory, visual, and tactile signals; immature until age 16

Answer 5

Parietal lobes

Question 6

Influence emotional maturity; still developing after age 16

Answer 6

Temporal lobes:

Question 7

Which areas comprise the human brain?

Answer 7

Brain stem, hindbrain , midbrain, and forebrain

Question 8

Brain circuits and _______________ relate to particular psychological disorders, permitting more targeted treatments. Psychoactive drugs work by either increasing or decreasing their flow.

Answer 8

Neurotransmitters

Question 9

Important for forming new memories and long-term memory. Important to stress reactivity

Answer 9

Hippocampus

Question 10

Governs stress and fear response. Stimulation produces behavioural arousal and even rage reactions. Atrophy/damage can cause inability to recognize fearful expressions or situation.

Answer 10

Amygdala

Question 11

(master regulator) maintains constant internal state. Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and circadian cycles. Releases hormones into pituitary gland.

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

The hypothalamus control centre, coupled with pituitary and adrenal glands, make up this regulatory system in the brain

Answer 12

hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis

Question 13

Similar to biochemical currents in the brain. These currents develop in an organized fashion to make meaningful connections that serve larger functions such as thinking and feeling.

Answer 13

Neurotransmitters

Question 14

The hypothalamus secretes ____. The pituitary gland secretes ____. Adrenal Glands release the stress hormone ____

Answer 14

Corticotropin-hormone CRH Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Cortisol

Question 15

Neurotransmitter that governs motor coordination, inhibits exploration of surroundings, and regulates critical behaviour like eating, sleeping, and the expression of anger.

Answer 15

Serotonin.

Question 16

Neurotransmitter that when low is implicated in eating and sleep disorders, anxiety, and mood disorders. When too high it is implicated in Schizophrenia.

Answer 16

Serotonin.

Question 17

Neurotransmitter that governs exploratory, extroverted, and pleasure-seeking behaviour. It is a switch that turns on brain circuits.

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

Neurotransmitter that when low is implicated in Parkinson’s and Mood Disorders. When too high it is implicated in Schizophrenia and ADHD.

Answer 18

Dopamine

Question 19

Neurotransmitter that facilitates and controls emergency reactions. It plays a role in emotional and behavioural regulation. Helps in being attentive, dreaming, and regulating some other behaviours. Works with adrenaline to increase heart rate and released with perceived stressful event.

Answer 19

Norepinephrine

Question 20

In psychopathology, this neurotransmitter acts generally to regulate/modulate attentiveness, emotions, sleeping, and learning.

Answer 20

Norepinephrine

Question 21

Neurotransmitter that reduces arousal and moderates emotional responses like anger, hostility, and aggression. As an inhibitory neurotransmitter it reduces the activity of the neurotransmitter it binds to. High levels incline us to feel relaxed and low levels partly due to poor nutrition or lack of exercise. It is linked to feelings of anxiety and discomfort.

Answer 21

Gaba. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Question 22

Neurotransmitter associated with anxiety disorders when its levels are low. Low levels are at least partly due to poor nutrition or lack of exercise.

Answer 22

Gaba