Chapter 2 Brain Parts Flashcards
hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is released into the bloodstream in response to stress
epinephrine
regulatory system of the brain that influences a person’s response to stress and ability to regulate emotions
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis
Enable self-control, judgment, emotional regulation; restructured in teen years.
Frontal lobes
Enables intelligence, consciousness, and self-awareness; reaches full maturity in 20s
Corpus callosum
Integrate auditory, visual, and tactile signals; immature until age 16
Parietal lobes
Influence emotional maturity; still developing after age 16
Temporal lobes:
Which areas comprise the human brain?
Brain stem, hindbrain , midbrain, and forebrain
Brain circuits and _______________ relate to particular psychological disorders, permitting more targeted treatments. Psychoactive drugs work by either increasing or decreasing their flow.
Neurotransmitters
Important for forming new memories and long-term memory. Important to stress reactivity
Hippocampus
Governs stress and fear response. Stimulation produces behavioural arousal and even rage reactions. Atrophy/damage can cause inability to recognize fearful expressions or situation.
Amygdala
(master regulator) maintains constant internal state. Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and circadian cycles. Releases hormones into pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus control centre, coupled with pituitary and adrenal glands, make up this regulatory system in the brain
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis
Similar to biochemical currents in the brain. These currents develop in an organized fashion to make meaningful connections that serve larger functions such as thinking and feeling.
Neurotransmitters
The hypothalamus secretes ____. The pituitary gland secretes ____. Adrenal Glands release the stress hormone ____
Corticotropin-hormone CRH Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Cortisol
Neurotransmitter that governs motor coordination, inhibits exploration of surroundings, and regulates critical behaviour like eating, sleeping, and the expression of anger.
Serotonin.
Neurotransmitter that when low is implicated in eating and sleep disorders, anxiety, and mood disorders. When too high it is implicated in Schizophrenia.
Serotonin.
Neurotransmitter that governs exploratory, extroverted, and pleasure-seeking behaviour. It is a switch that turns on brain circuits.
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter that when low is implicated in Parkinson’s and Mood Disorders. When too high it is implicated in Schizophrenia and ADHD.
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter that facilitates and controls emergency reactions. It plays a role in emotional and behavioural regulation. Helps in being attentive, dreaming, and regulating some other behaviours. Works with adrenaline to increase heart rate and released with perceived stressful event.
Norepinephrine
In psychopathology, this neurotransmitter acts generally to regulate/modulate attentiveness, emotions, sleeping, and learning.
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter that reduces arousal and moderates emotional responses like anger, hostility, and aggression. As an inhibitory neurotransmitter it reduces the activity of the neurotransmitter it binds to. High levels incline us to feel relaxed and low levels partly due to poor nutrition or lack of exercise. It is linked to feelings of anxiety and discomfort.
Gaba. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Neurotransmitter associated with anxiety disorders when its levels are low. Low levels are at least partly due to poor nutrition or lack of exercise.
Gaba
