Chapter 4

Question 1

Early Protestantism ____

Answer 1

insisted on accepting the existence of God on faith alone

Question 2

Luther’s new religious movement that denied the authority of the pope was called:

Answer 2

Protestantism

Question 3

Bacon relied primarily on _____ to develop his theories.

Answer 3

induction

Question 4

Newton believed that his work:

Answer 4

revealed nature’s secrets

Question 5

Galileo used experiments to do which of the following?

Answer 5

Show the uselessness of metaphysics in science

Question 6

Which of the following phrases best captures the spirit of Renaissance humanism?

Answer 6

“We the people have the power to bring great change to the world.”

Question 7

According to Bacon, the biases that result from being overly influenced by the traditional meanings of words constitutes the:

Answer 7

idols of the marketplace

Question 8

Who were among the first to accept Copernicus’s heliocentric theory?

Answer 8

The mathematicians who embraced Pythagorean-Platonic philosophy

Question 9

Later in history, Bacon’s approach to science was called:

Answer 9

positivism

Question 10

According to Bacon, the human tendency to see events as they would like them to be constitutes the:

Answer 10

idols of the tribe

Question 11

According to Erasmus, who is least likely to speak the truth?

Answer 11

philosophers

Question 12

What would Copernicus say is the only justification for accepting his heliocentric theory?

Answer 12

It explains known astrological facts in a simpler, more harmonious, mathematical order

Question 13

Newton believed that the universe:

Answer 13

operates according to principles that humans could discover

Question 14

Pico argued that:

Answer 14

God had granted humans a unique position in the universe

Question 15

According to Clements (1967), which Renaissance humanist is correctly paired with their area of great influence?

Answer 15

Vives and psychology

Question 16

According to Bacon, blind allegiance to dogma, authority, or tradition constitutes the:

Answer 16

idols of the theater

Question 17

What factor most influenced Kepler’s acceptance of Copernicus’s heliocentric theory?

Answer 17

Kepler was a Platonist seeking mathematical simplicity and harmony

Question 18

A fundamental difference between the views of Erasmus and the views of Luther concerned the:

Answer 18

role of free will in religion

Question 19

After a painful search, Descartes concluded that the only thing of which he could be certain was

Answer 19

the fact that he doubted

Question 20

Both Bacon and Descartes sought to develop a system of thought that:

Answer 20

was impervious to the doubts of the Skeptics