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HLSC 220 - Pharmacotherapeutics for Healthcare Professionals > Chapter 39 - CNS Stimulants and ADHD > Flashcards

Chapter 39 - CNS Stimulants and ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What do CNS stimulants do?

A

increase the activity of CNS neurons

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2
Q

What is a major AE of all CNS stimulants (in sufficient doses)?

A

seizures

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3
Q

What are CNS stimulants used for?

A

ADHD and narcolepsy

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4
Q

How do amphetamines act?

A

by releasing DA, NE via inhibiting reuptake in neurons

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5
Q

Amphetamines affect which 2 systems?

A

CNS and CV

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6
Q

What aspects of tolerance can develop to amphetamines with regular use?

A

-elevation of mood
-apetite suppression
-stimulation of heart and blood vessels

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7
Q

Do users of amphetamines gain physical dependence?

A

yes, abstinence syndrome can develop with abrupt withdrawal

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8
Q

Why do amphetamines have a high potential for abuse?

A

euphoric feelings

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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of amphetamines?

A

-CNS stimulation
-weight loss
-CV effects
-psychosis

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of acute amphetamine toxicity?

A

-dizziness
-confusion
-hallucinations
-paranoid delusions
-palpitations
-dysrhythmias
-hypertension
-death (RARE)

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11
Q

Fatal overdose via amphetamines can look like:

A

-convulsions
-coma
-cerebral hemorrhage

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12
Q

What is the tx for hallucinations caused by amphetamine toxicity?

A

chlorpromazine

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13
Q

What is the tx for hypertension caused by amphetamine toxicity?

A

Alpha blocker (phentolamine) or chlorpromazine

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14
Q

What is the tx for seizures caused by amphetamine toxicity?

A

diazepam

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15
Q

What is another way to speed up amphetamine excretion?

A

acidifying urine

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16
Q

What is the immediate release form of dextroAMPHETAMINE sulfate called?

A

Dexedrine

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17
Q

What is the extended release form of detroAMPHETAMINE sulfate called?

A

Dexedrine Spansule

18
Q

What is the brand name of amphetamine/levoamphetamine salts?

A

adderall XR

19
Q

LisdexAMPHETAMINE is a __________ and is available as tablets or capsules

A

pro-drug

20
Q

What is methylphenidate?

A

an amphetamine-like drug used for ADHD and narcolepsy

21
Q

Methylxanthines are derivatives of ___________

A

xanthine

22
Q

What type of CNS stimulant is caffeine?

A

a methylxanthine

23
Q

Caffeine is found in…

A

-chocolate
-soft drinks
-energy drinks
-coffee
-tea

24
Q

How do methylxanthines act?

A

-reversible blockade of ADENOSINE receptors
-enhancing CALCIUM permeability in sarcoplasmic reticulum
-accumulates cAMP

25
Q

What do methylxanthines do in low doses?

A

decrease fatigue and increase capacity for prolonged brain power

26
Q

In high doses methylxanthines cause…

A

-nervousness
-insomnia
-tremors

27
Q

Large amounts of methylxanthines can cause _____________

A

seizures

28
Q

Methylxanthines have effects on:

A

-CNS
-heart and vessels
-bronchi
-kidneys
-reproduction

29
Q

Methylxanthines achieve peak plasma levels in _____ hour(S)

A

1

30
Q

Where are methylxanthines readily absorbed?

A

GI tract

31
Q

What is another use for methylxanthines besides promoting wakefulness?

A

neonatal apnea

32
Q

Acute methylxanthine toxicity causes:

A

-CNS stimulation
-tachycardia
-respiratory stimulation

33
Q

What is Modafinil used for?

A

-promoting wakefulness
-narcolepsy
-shift-work
-obstructive sleep apnea
-jet lag, MS fatigue (off label)

34
Q

What is the half life of Modafinil?

A

15 hrs

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of Modafinil?

A

-headache
-nausea
-nervousness
-increased HR and BP
-skin reactions

36
Q

What does Modafinil interact with?

A

OC’s

37
Q

What drugs are used for ADHD in kids?

A

-methylphenidate
-dextroamphetamine
-adderall
-atomoxetine (non-stimulant_
-A2 agonists
-antidepressants

38
Q

How does Atomoxetine act?

A

selectively inhibits NE reuptake

39
Q

Plasma Atomoxetine levels peak in ______ hour(S)

A

1-3

40
Q

What are the adverse effects of atomoxetine?

A

-GI
-reduced appetite
-dizziness
-somnolence
-mood swings
-insomnia
-SUICIDAL IDEATION
-caution in CVD

HLSC 220 - Pharmacotherapeutics for Healthcare Professionals (18 decks)

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