Chapter 39

Question 1

Dilation of a ureter by accumulated urine

Answer 1

Hydroureter

Question 2

Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces by accumulated urine

Answer 2

Hydronephrosis

Question 3

Narrowing of the lumen of a urethra

Answer 3

Urethral stricture

Question 4

Large urinary stone that has assumed the shape of the renal pelvis and calyces

Answer 4

Staghorn calculus

Question 5

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by nephrotoxic antibiotics?

Answer 5

Intrarenal

Question 6

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

Answer 6

Intrarenal

Question 7

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by massive hemorrhage?

Answer 7

Prerenal

Question 8

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by renal ischemia during surgery?

Answer 8

Intrarenal

Question 9

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by very large pulmonary embolism?

Answer 9

Prerenal

Question 10

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by bilateral renal calculi?

Answer 10

Postrenal

Question 11

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by untreated enlarged prostate?

Answer 11

Postrenal

Question 12

What is the difference between cystitis and pyelonephritis?

Answer 12

Cystitis is inflammation of the urinary bladder, but pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney

Question 13

What is the difference between azotemia and uremia?

Answer 13

Azotemia is accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood, manifested as elevated BUN and often creatinine as well, but uremia is a syndrome that includes azotemia and numerous other clinical manifestations such as fatigue, anemia, and pruritis