Chapter 17

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

Loss of language production or comprehension

Question 2

Chorea

Answer 2

Involuntary rapid contractions of muscle groups in a random pattern

Question 3

Agnosia

Answer 3

Impaired recognition of tactile, visual, or auditory stimuli

Question 4

Tremor

Answer 4

Involuntary rhythmic, oscillating movement of a body part

Question 5

Myoclonus

Answer 5

Shock-like, non-patterned muscle contractions causing limb movement; may occur during sleep

Question 6

Apraxia

Answer 6

Inability to perform purposeful or skilled motor actions

Question 7

Athetosis

Answer 7

Involuntary slow, twisting, writhing movements

Question 8

Akathisia

Answer 8

Motor relentlessness; compulsion to move lower extremities

Question 9

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 9

Forward displacement of a vertebra

Question 10

Spondylolysis

Answer 10

Degeneration of vertebral structure

Question 11

Spinal stenosis

Answer 11

Abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal

Question 12

Radiculopathy

Answer 12

Disorder of spinal nerve root

Question 13

Tonic phase

Answer 13

• subcortical, thalamic, brainstem
• muscle contraction with increased muscle tone (hypertonia)
• loss of consciousness

Question 14

Clonic phase

Answer 14

• cortex, anterior thalamus, basal ganglia
• alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles

Question 15

Ballism

Answer 15

Disorder of proximal-muscle postural fixation with wild flinging movement of the limbs
- does not lessen with sleep
- most common on one side of body

Question 16

Asterixis

Answer 16

Irregular flapping movement of the hands accentuated by outstretching arms

Question 17

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 17

abnormal, involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities

Question 18

Paroxysmal dyskinesias

Answer 18

Abnormal, involuntary movements that occur as spasms

Question 19

Epidural hematoma

Answer 19

• bleeding between the dura mater and the skull
• arterial

Question 20

Subdural hematoma

Answer 20

• blood between the dura mater and the brain
• venous

Question 21

Spinal Shock

Answer 21

• complete loss of reflex function in all segments below the level of the lesion
• flaccid paralysis, sensory deficit, loss of bladder and rectal control
• May persist for few days to 3 months

Question 22

Neurogenic Shock

Answer 22

• occurs with cervical or upper thoracic cord injury
• caused by absence of sympathetic activity from loss of supraspinal control and unopposed parasympathetic tone mediated by the intact vagus nerve