Chapter 38: Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Question 1

What are the goals of the system?

Answer 1

-Ensure that every single cell in the body is alive and happy
-ENERGY
ENERGY KEEPS CELLS ALIVE AND HAPPY
-Cells need water, nutrients, and oxygen
• Needed to produce ATP

Question 2

What is homeostasis?

Answer 2

-Maintaining a constant internal environment
>Have enough of everything
>The internal environment consists of the interstitial fluid that bathes every cells

Question 3

How can the digestive system be compared to an assembly line?

Answer 3

-Can be compare to an assembly line
○ Secretion: Cells secrete enzymes into the digestive system canal
§ To lubricate and break down the food

○ Absorb nutrients into the cells
	§ Rely on cardiovascular system
	§ Breathe in oxygen and is shuffled into the cells

Question 4

Components of/Basics on the Cardiovascular system

Answer 4

○ Blood vessel: road/pathway where substances are moving
○ Heart: pump
• Take nutrients into the cells
• Waste product = CO2
○ Transported in the opposite direction of nutrients

Question 5

Regulatory System

Answer 5

Nervous and Endocrine systems

|&raquo_space;Explains how brain controls our functions

Question 6

What makes organs systems?

Answer 6

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs

Question 7

What are the four main tissues in our body?

Answer 7

• Epithelial tissue
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

Question 8

Function of the Epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

Lines internal and external body surfaces

Question 9

Function of the connective tissue?

Answer 9

Connects part of the organ

Question 10

Function of the Muscle tissue

Answer 10

Movement

Question 11

Function of the Nervous tissues?

Answer 11

Control

Question 12

What does homeostasis maintain?

Answer 12

• Sodium Level
• Glucose level
• pH
• Temperature

Question 13

What are the components of homeostasis? What are their functions?

Answer 13

• Receptor
○ Any cell that measures information about specific parts of the cell
• Control center
○ Knows when the cell needs to be fixed
• Effector
○An organ that restores the internal environment

Question 14

What is the proper temperature for protein function?

Answer 14

98.6F

Question 15

How does temperature control work?

Answer 15

-Temperature monitoring nerve cells
• Detect temperature
-Hypothalamus (part of brain): control center
• There is set point (98.6F)
• Knows when it is colder/hotter and communicates with effectors
-Skeletal muscles and blood vessels: Effectors
• To generate more heat
• More movement=more body heat
• Also tells to vasal constrict, the minimize heat loss until back to normal temperature
-Negative feedback mechanism: stability
• A decrease in temperature will cause a higher temperature to stabilize the system

Question 16

What is an endotherm?

Answer 16

Organisms that regulate body temperature by generating metabolic heat and/or preventing heat

Question 17

What is an ectotherm?

Answer 17

An organism who depends on heat sources to maintain body temperature. Temperature depends on the environment