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POSTMIDTERM:LHE BACTE > Chapter 38: Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Chapter 38: Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Describe mycoplasma

A

Smallest free-living prokaryotic microorganism

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2
Q

Membranes of mycoplasma

A

Possess triple-layered limiting membranes but lack cell walls

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3
Q

Gram method staining

A

It does not stain in Gram method staining

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4
Q

Shape

A

Highly pleomorphic, filterable, plastic forms

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5
Q

Environment susceptibility

A

-susceptible to dessication and disinfectants

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6
Q

Microcolonies

A

-fried egg appearance

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7
Q

Host

A

Most are host-specific

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8
Q

Replication

A

Do not replicate in the environment

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9
Q

Environment

A

-most are facultative anaerobes

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10
Q

Contain species of vet importance

A

-Mycoplasma
-Ureaplasma

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11
Q

Cause a wide range of diseases in animals, including contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

A

-Mycoplasma species

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12
Q

Microorganisms in the class

A

Mollicutes

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13
Q

Smallest prokaryotic cells capable of self replication

A

Mycoplasma

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14
Q

Shape

A

Pleomorphic ranging from sperical to filamentous

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15
Q

Size:
-spherical
-filamentous

A

-0.3 to 0.9 um in diameter
-up to 1.0 um long

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16
Q

Cannot synthesize

A

Peptidoglycan or it’s precursor

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17
Q

Cannot synthesize peptidoglycan or its precursor thus

A

-they do not possess rigid cell walls but have flexible, triple-layered outer membranes
-their flexibility allows them to pass through bacterial membrane of pore

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18
Q

their flexibility allows them to pass through bacterial membrane of pore sizes from

A

0.22 um to 0.45 um

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19
Q

Are susceptible to:

A

-dessication
-heat
-detergents
-disinfectants

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20
Q

Resistant to antibiotics:

A

-penicillin

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21
Q

Interfere with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls

A

Penicillin

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22
Q

Phylogenetically mycoplasmas are linked to Gram-positive such as _____ based on 5S RNA sequences analyses

A

Clostridium

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23
Q

Have a low guanine cytosine content in their DNA

A
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24
Q

Requirement

A

Enriched media for growth

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25
Q

Colonies when illuminated obliquely

A

Umbonate microcolonies

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26
Q

Microcolonies appearance in transmitted light

A

‘Fried egg’

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27
Q

Due to extension of microcolony into agar

A

Dense central zone

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28
Q

-First mycoplasma identified in 1890
-Cause contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

A

-Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

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29
Q

Similar types of mycoplasmas subsequently identified were called

A

-Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO)

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30
Q

Grow optimally in an atmosphere og

A

5 to 20% CO2

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31
Q

Non-pathogenic anaerobic mycoplasmas found in

A

Rumens of sheep and cattle

32
Q

Associated with reproductive disorders

A

-Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

33
Q

Known as ______ or ______ (trivial name) as they parasitize rbc

A

-Haemotropic mycoplasmas
-haemoplasmas

34
Q

Found in:

A

-conjunctiva
-nasal cavity
-oropharynx
-intestinal and genital tracts of humans and animals

35
Q

-found in rbc
-host specific (some)
-cross the species barrier more often
-signifucant in immunocompromised or stressed animals

A

-Haemotropic mycoplasma

36
Q

Survival in environment

A

Short periods

37
Q

Differentiated by their

A

-host specificity
-colonial morphology
-requirement for cholesterol
-biochemical reactivity

38
Q

Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp.
Requirement for enriched media:

A

-animal protein
-sterol component
-source of DNA or adenine dinucleotide

39
Q

Commercially available mycoplasma agar or broth media (often heart infusions):

A

-supplemented with 20% horse serum
-yeast extract providing amino acids and vitamins

40
Q

Used to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria

A

Penicillin

41
Q

Incorporated to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria and fungi

A

-Thallous acetate

42
Q

Media buffered at:

A

-Mycoplasma- pH 7.3 to 7.8
-Ureaplasma -pH 6.0 to 6.5

43
Q

Culturing of ureoplasmas

A

Urea is added to the medium and thallous acetate, which is toxic for these organisms, is omitted (?)

44
Q

Occasionally grow as contaminants on mycoplasma media

A

Acholeplasma spp

45
Q

Size of unstained microcolonies of Mycoplasma species are

A

-0.1 to 0.6 mm in diameter
-have a fried egg appearance
-some 1.5 mm and can be seen w/o magnification

46
Q

Ureaplasma
-size
-lacks
-referred
-stain

A

-0.02 to 0.06 mm
-lack peripheral zone
-T-mycoplasma (bc tiny colonies)
-Dienies stain
-central zone- dark blue
- peripheral zone- lighter blue

47
Q

Mycoplasma requires differentiation from colonies of…

A

Bacterial L-forms

48
Q

Bacterial L-forms

A

-lack rigid cell walls
-assume shapes resembling mycoplasmas
-can revert to their normal bacterial shape…

49
Q

-Require sterols for growth
-reflected in their sensitivity to inhibition by digitonin

A

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

50
Q

-Sterol-independent
-resistant to inhibition by digitonin

A

-Acholeplasma species

51
Q

Digitonin sensitivity test

A

Exceeding 5 mm means it is sensitive to digitonin

52
Q

Do not metabolize urea

A

Mycoplasma

53
Q

Produces urease

A

-Ureaplasma

54
Q

Growth inhibition tests

A

-8 mm zone of growth inhibition develops, containing homologous antiserum

55
Q

T1 vaccine strains for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

A
56
Q

Do not produce specific toxins or invasins

A
57
Q

Important in its ability to produce disease

A

-Intrinsic metabolic functions

58
Q

Essential attribute for pathogenicity but mycoplasma do not invade the cells

A

Ability to adhere to host cells

59
Q

Evade immune response

A
60
Q

European strains (subsp. mycoides) less H202 than

A

African strains of this spp

61
Q

Induce toxic damage to host cell to which the organism are adhering

A

Production of H202

62
Q

Promote attachment to mammalian cells

A

Possess structures composed of unique adhesion proteins

63
Q

Can adhere to ___ and ___ and can also impair ___

A

-neutrophils and macrophages
-phagocytic functions

64
Q

-Important virulence attributes
- allows the organism to rapidly adapt to the host environment and to evade the developing immune response

A

Variation in surface proteins

65
Q

Alterations in surface proteins demonstrated In many important animal pathogens including:

A

-Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides
-M. bovis
-M. gallisepticum and M. synovial (avian pathogens)

66
Q

Leads to release of pro inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor and interleukins

A

Activation of macrophages and monocytes

67
Q

Pathogenic mycoplasmas including those involved in pulmonary diseases

A

Are mitogenic for B and T lymphocytes

68
Q

Effect of digitonin:
-growth inhibition
-growth inhibition
-no growth inhibition

A

-Mycoplasma species
-Ureaplasma species
-Acholeplasma species

69
Q

Requirement for cholesterol:
-Mycoplasma species
-Ureaplasma species
-Acholeplasma species

A
  • (+)
  • (+)
  • (-)
70
Q

Urease production:
-Mycoplasma species
-Ureaplasma species
-Acholeplasma species

A
  • (-)
  • (+)
  • (-)
71
Q

Colony size:
-Mycoplasma species
-Ureaplasma species
-Acholeplasma species

A
  • 0.1-0.6 mm
  • 0.02-0.06 mm
  • up to 1.5 mm
72
Q

Positive for glucose fermentation

A

-M. capricolum subsp. capricolum
-M. mycoides subsp. capri

73
Q

Positive for arginine hydrolysis

A

-M. capricolum subsp. capricolum

74
Q

Positive for phosphatase activity

A

-M. capricolum subsp. capricolum
-Mycoplasma agalactiae

75
Q

Positive for casein digestion

A

-M. capricolum subsp. capricolum
-M. mycoides subsp. capri

76
Q

Table 38.1 and table 38.2

A

POSTMIDTERM:LHE BACTE (5 decks)

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