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POSTMIDTERM:LHE BACTE > Chapter 37: Pathogenic anaerobic non-spore-forming Gram-negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Chapter 37: Pathogenic anaerobic non-spore-forming Gram-negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Often in association with

A

facultative anaerobes

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2
Q

Type of bacteria

A

Gram-negative

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3
Q

Emvironment

A

Anaerobic bacteria

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4
Q

Endospores

A

Not produced

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5
Q

Requirement

A

Fastidious: enriched media

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6
Q

Commensals in

A

Mucosal surfaces, principally in the alimentary tract

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7
Q

Synergism with other bacteria in mixed infections

A

True

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8
Q

Produces foot rot in sheep in association with other pathogens

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

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9
Q

50% of this organism isolated from/ constitutes:

A

-Fusobacterium spp
-Prevotella genus
-Dichelobacter genus
-Porphyromonas genus

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10
Q

Usual habitat

A

-Mucous membranes of animals and humans
-Particularly in digestive and urogenital tracts
-Excreted in feces
-Survive for short periods

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11
Q

Differentiated based on

A

-Bacterial morphology
-Colonial appearance
-Antibiotic susceptibility testing
-Fatty acid production

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12
Q

Bacterial morphology:
Dichelobacter nodosus

A

-Thick, straight or slightly curved rods
-6 um long,
-bulge at one or both ends

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13
Q

Bacterial morphology:
Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

-irregularly staining
-long, nom-branching filamentous forms (Fig. 37.1)

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14
Q

Colonies usually have

A

-Foetid or putrid ordor

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15
Q

Colonies have ordor due to

A

Volatile fatty acid production

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16
Q

Virulent strains from ovine foot rot lesions:

A

-have dark central zone
-pale granular middle zone
-spreading irregular periphery
-with a ground glass appearance

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17
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum colonial appearance

A

-grey, round, shiny
-some isolates are hemolytic

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18
Q

Prevotella and Porphyromonas colonial appearance:

A

-Become darkly pigmented after incubation (5 days)
-May appear red under UV light

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19
Q

For accurate identification of species:

A

-Antibiotic susceptibility
-Biochemical test
-Gas liquid chromatography

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20
Q

Methods for detecting virulent strains of Dichelobacter nodosus:

A

-Elastin and gelatin gel test
- ELISA
-Polymerase chains reaction
-Molecular tests

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21
Q

Detection of proteases activity

A

-Elastin and gelatin gel test

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22
Q

Using monoclonal antibodies

A

ELISA

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23
Q

Detection of virulence-specific genes

A

PCR

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24
Q

-PCR techniques
-For grouping strains of Dichelobacter nodosus

A

Molecular tests

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25
Q

Replicate only at

A

Low or negative reduction potentials (Eh)

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26
Q

Opportunistic pathogens which produces

A

superoxide dismutase

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27
Q

Superoxide dismutase functions

A

-allows them to survive in oxygenated tissues until Eh reaches levels favoring their growth

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28
Q

_____ and _____ followed by _____ of the bacteria can lower Eh levels to a range suitable for the proliferation of the bacteria

A

-Tissue trauma
-Necrosis
-multiplication of the bacteria

29
Q

Produces heat-labile factor which stimulates F. necrophorum replication

A

Arcanobacterium pyogenes

30
Q

Produces leukotoxin which correlates with the strain virulence and aids survival of A. pyogenes

A

-F. necrophorum

31
Q

Is important in the pathogenesis of ruminant pedal lesions

A

Synergism between F. necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus

32
Q

Facilitates tissue invasion by D. nodosus and is itself stimulated by a _____ elaborated by D. nodosus

A

-F. necrophorum
-growth factor

33
Q

2 or more bacteria interacting synergistically. Produce lesions which the individual organism cannot produce. Example of this type of synergism

A

-Production of a heat-labile factor by Arcanobacterium pyogenes, which stimulates F. necrophorum replication
-In turn, F. necrophorum produces leukotoxin which correlates with the strain virulence and aids survival of A. pyogenes

-Synergism between F. necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus is important in the pathogenesis of ruminant pedal lesions
-In this instance, F. necrophorum facilitates tissue invasion by D. nodosus and is itself stimulated by a growth factor elaborated by D. nodosus

34
Q

2 subsp of *F. necrophorum are recognized:

A

-F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum
-F. necrophorum subsp funduliforme

35
Q

-has greater haemolytic activity
-more virulent than subsp. funduliforme

A

-F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum

36
Q

-produces oral,
-paraoral and
-necrotizing pneumonic infections in horses
-classified as new species

A

-F. necrophorum?
-F. equinum?

37
Q

F. necrophorum virulence factor:

A

-Leukotoxin
-Haemagglutinins
-Haemolysins
-Dermotoxin
-Other extracellular enzymes
-Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

38
Q

-important virulence determinants
-active against ruminant neutrophils
-but may act also against macrophages and hepatocytes
-moderately toxic for: equine neutrophils
-little or no activity against: neutrophils of pigs and rabbits

A

Leukotoxin

39
Q

-important virulence determinants
-function as adhesins and promote adherence to,
-and invasion of ruminal epithelial cells

A

-Haemagglutinins

40
Q

-contribute to the development of ruminal lesions
-important virulence determinants
-endotoxin from this is important in the genesis of hepatic abscesses and induces an intense neutrophilia

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

41
Q

Characteristic of D. nodosus

A

-Ability to damage tissues
-production of thermostable proteases and elastase
-presence of argarolytic activity on agar- based media containing powdered hoof
-production of type IV fimbriae, encoded by the fimA gene

42
Q

-is central to virulence
-highly immunogenic structures
-form basis of classification of D. nodosus strains into 20 serogroups

A

Characteristic of D. nodosus:
-Production of type IV fimbriae, encoded by the fimA gene

43
Q

Calf diphtheria

A

-F. necrophorum

44
Q

Bovine liver abscess

A

-F. necrophorum together with Arcanobacterium pyogenes (feedlot animals)

45
Q

Necrotic rhinitis of pigs (bull nose)

A

-F. necrophorum

46
Q

Thrush of the hoof

A

-* F. necrophorum*
-secondary to hoof damage (hind feet-frog)

47
Q

Black spot of bovine teats

A

-F. necrophorum

48
Q

Specific syndrome of bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis

A

-Association with Porphyromonas levi
-Israeli dairy herds

49
Q

-Straight or curved rods
-characteridtic swellings at one or both ends

A

-Dichelobacter nodosus

50
Q

-slender, non-branching filaments
-stain irregularly

A

-Fusobacterium necrophorum

51
Q

Tissue damage facilitates invasion by D. nodosus

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum —> Dichelobacter nodosus

52
Q

Growth factor

A

-D. nodosus—-> F. necrophorum

-Arcanobacterium pyogenes—-> F. necrophorum

53
Q

Leukotoxin facilitates survival of A. pyogenes

A

F. necrophorum —> A. pyogenes

54
Q

Gram-negative, non-spore-forming anaerobes which have been implicated in infections in domestic animals

A

14 spp.
-Bf
-OBs
-Bh
-Dn
-Fe
-Fn
-Fn
-Fr
-OFs
-Pa
-Pl
-Ph
-Pm
-S

55
Q

(F. necrophorum)
Predisposing factors:
Rough feed producing mucosal damage

-Disease condition
-Species

A

-Calf diphtheria
-Cattle

56
Q

(F. necrophorum)
Predisposing factors: Dystocia
-Disease condition
-Species

A

-post-partum metritis
-cattle

57
Q

(F. necrophorum)
Predisposing factors: Sudden dietary change leading to acidosis and rumenitis

-Disease condition
-Species

A

-hepatic abscessation
-cattle

58
Q

(F. necrophorum)
Predisposing factors: Trauma to region adjacent to teat sphincter

-Disease condition
-Species

A

-Black spot of teat
-cattle

59
Q

(F. necrophorum)
Predisposing factors: Poor hygiene and wet housing conditions

-Disease condition
-Species

A

-thrush (hoof)
-Horses

60
Q

(F. necrophorum)
Predisposing factors: Poor hygiene

-Disease condition
-Species

A

-Necrobacillosis of lower limbs
-horses

61
Q

(F. necrophorum)
Predisposing factors: trauma to nasal mucosa

-Disease condition
-Species

A

-bull nose
-pigs

62
Q

(Mixed infections)
Bacteria implicated: F. necrophorum, Dichelobacter nodosus (benign strains)

-disease condition
-species

A

-Interdigital dermatitis
-sheep

63
Q

(Mixed infections)
Bacteria implicated: Arcanobacterium pyogenes (facultative anaerobes), F. necrophorum and other bacteria

-disease condition
-species

A

-heel abscess and lamellar suppuration
-sheep

64
Q

(Mixed infections)
Bacteria implicated: D. nodosus, F. necrophorum, A. pyogenes, unidentified spirochaetes

-disease condition
-species

A

-footrot
-sheep

65
Q

(Mixed infections)
Bacteria implicated: F. necrophorum, Porphyromonas levii

-disease condition
-species

A

-Interdigital necrobacillosis (foul-in-the-foot)
-cattle

66
Q

(Mixed infections)
Bacteria implicated: D. nodosus, F. necrophorum, Prevotella species, spirochaetes

-disease condition
-species

A

-interdigital dermatitis
-cattle

67
Q

(Mixed infections)
Bacteria implicated: Treponema species

-disease condition
-species

A

-Digital dermatitis
-cattle

68
Q

(Mixed infections)
Bacteria implicated: Mixed anaerobes

-disease condition
-species

A

-foot abscess in young pigs and bush foot (lamellar suppuration) in older animals
-pigs

POSTMIDTERM:LHE BACTE (5 decks)

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