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POSTMIDTERM:LHE BACTE > Chapter 33: Brucella species > Flashcards

Chapter 33: Brucella species Flashcards

1
Q

Size of Brucella

A

Small (0.6 x 0.6 to 1.5 um)

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2
Q

Motility

A

Non-motile

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3
Q

Shape

A

Coccobacilliary

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4
Q

Type of bacteria

A

Gram-negative

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5
Q

Environement

A

Aerobic and capnophilic (high CO2)

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6
Q

Test for:
-Catalase
-Oxidase

A

-Positive
-Positive (some are negative)

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7
Q

Oxidase positive except

A

-B. ovis
-B. neotomae

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8
Q

Urease positive except

A

B. ovis

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9
Q

Requirement (fastidious)

A

-5 to 10% CO2 for primary isolation
- enriched media with blood or serum for culturing

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10
Q

Require 5 to 10% CO2 for primary isolation

A

-Brucella bovis
- some biotypes of B. abortus
-growth of other Brucella spp is enhanced in this atmosphere

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11
Q

Requires enriched media with blood or serum for culturing:

A

-B. abortus biotype 2
- B. ovis

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12
Q

Referred to as MZN-psotive because

A

They are not decolorized by 0.5% acetic acid in the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining technique

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13
Q

MZN-stained smears of body fluids or tissues, characteristically appear as

A

Clusters of red coccobacilli

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14
Q

Brucella genome is unusual because

A

It is composed of two circular chromosomes

(except: B. suis biovar 3- single chromosome)

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15
Q

Predilection for

A

Both female and male reproductive organs in sexually mature animals

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16
Q

Remain viable in

A

moist environment for many months

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17
Q

Transmission

A

Direct contact (infected animals/fluids and tissues associated with abortion)

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18
Q

Stain ____ using MZN method

A

Red

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19
Q

Some species cause ____ in humans

A

Undulant fever

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20
Q

Site of replication and dependence on host cells

A

They are intracellular pathogens

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21
Q

Usual Host: Cattle
Clinical significance: Abortion, orchitis

A

B. abortus

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22
Q

Usual Host: Goats, sheep
Clinical significance:Abortion, orchitis, arthtritis

A

B. melitensis

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23
Q

Usual Host: Pigs
Clinical significance:
-abortion
-orchitis
-spondylitis
-infertility

A

B. suis

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24
Q

Usual Host: Sheep
Clinical significance:
-Epididymitis in rams
-sporadic abortion in ewes

A

B. ovis

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25
Q

Usual Host: Dogs
Clinical significance:
-Abortion
-Epididymitis
-Discospondylitis
-Sterility in male dogs

A

B. canis

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26
Q

Usual Host: Dessert wood rat
Clinical significance:
-not isolated from domestic animals

A

B. neotomae

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27
Q

Usual Host: Cetaceans
Clinical significance:

A

B. ceti

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28
Q

Usual Host: Pinnipeds
Clinical significance:

A

B. pinnipedialis

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29
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-Sheep
-Goats
-Pigs
Clinical significance:
-Sporadic abortion

A

B. abortus

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30
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-Horses
Clinical significance:
-Bursitis

A

B. abortus

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31
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-cattle
Clinical significance:
-sporadic abortion
-brucellae in milk

A

B. melitensis

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32
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-Humans
Clinical significance:
-Malta fever
-severe systemic disease

A

B. melitensis

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33
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-Humans
Clinical significance:
-intermittent fever
-systemic disease

A

B. suis

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34
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-Humans
Clinical significance:
-Mild systemic disease

A

B. canis

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35
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-Dolphins
Clinical significance:
-May cause abortion
-Neurological disease has been described

A

B. ceti

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36
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-Humans
Clinical significance:
-little evidence of disease

A

B. ceti

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37
Q

Species occasionally infected:
-Humans
Clinical significance:
-little evidence of disease

A

B. pinnipedalis

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38
Q

B. abortus:
-Number of biotypes
-Requirement for CO2

A

-7
-v

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39
Q

B. melitensis
-Number of biotypes
-Requirement for CO2

A

-3
- negative

40
Q

B. suis
-Number of biotypes
-Requirement for CO2

A

-5
- negative

41
Q

B. ovis
-Number of biotypes
-Requirement for CO2

A

-1
- positive

42
Q

B. abortus
-production of H2S
-Urease activity

A
  • v
  • positive
43
Q

B. melitensis
-production of H2S
-Urease activity

A

-negative
-v

44
Q

B. suis
-production of H2S
-Urease activity

A

-v
-positive

45
Q

B. ovis
-production of H2S
-Urease activity

46
Q

B. canis
-production of H2s
-Urease activity

A

-negative
-positive

47
Q

B. abortus:
Growth in media

A

-Thionin: v
-Basic fuchsin: v

48
Q

B. melitensis:
Growth in media

A

-Thionin: positive
-Basic fuchsin: positive

49
Q

B. suis:
Growth in media

A

-Thionin: positive
-Basic fuchsin: variable

50
Q

B. ovis:
Growth in media

A

-Thionin: positive
-Basic fuchsin: negative

51
Q

B. canis:
Growth in media

A

-Thionin: positive
-Basic fuchsin: negative

52
Q

Conducted on bulk milk samples for monitoring infections in dairy herds. Sensitive but may not be reliable in large herds

A

Brucella milk ring test

53
Q

Useful screening test. Antigen suspension is adjusted to pH 3.6, allowing agglutination by IgG1 antibodies. Qualitative test only, positive results require confirmation by CFT or ELISA

A

Rose-Bengal plate test

54
Q

Widely accepted confirmatory test for individual animals

A

Complement-fixation test (CFT)

55
Q

Reliable screening and confirmatory test

A

Indirect ELISA

56
Q

Recently developed test with high specificity; capable of detecting all immunoglobulin classes and can be used to differentiate infected animals from S19-vaccinated cattle

A

Competitive ELISA (using monoclonal antibodies)

57
Q

A tube agglutination test which lacks specificity and sensitivity; IgG1 antibodies may not be detected, leading to false negative results

A

Serum agglutination test (SAT)

58
Q

Sensitive test for detecting non-agglutinating antibodies not detected by the SAT

A

Antiglobulin test

59
Q

Differentiated by

A

-colonial appearance
-biochemicsl tests
-specific cultural requirements and growth inhibition by dyes

60
Q

Definitive identification

A

-agglutination with monospecific sera
-susceptibility to bacteriophages
-Molecular methods

61
Q

Occur in smooth forms, small, glistening, bluish, translucent. Colonies become opaque with age.

A

-B. abortus
-B. melitensis
-Brucella suis

62
Q

Primary isolates always occur in rough forms. They are dull, yellowish, opaque and friable.

A

-B. ovis
-B. canis

63
Q

Brucella on blood agar

A

Non-haemolytic

64
Q

Used to detect presence of important surface antigens

A

Slide agglutination with monospecific antisera

65
Q

Important surface antigens

A

-abortus antigen A
-melitensis antigen M

66
Q

Feature of the rough brucellae B. ovis and B. canis, can be detected by anti-R serum

67
Q

Isolates of B. abortus is lysed by a specific bacteriophage at routine test dilution

A

Tbilisi phage

68
Q

Could differentiate between:
-B. abortus biovars 1,2 and 4
-B. melitensis
-B. ovis
-B. suis

69
Q

A new multiplex PCR assay described in the OIE Terrestrial Manual identifies most Brucella species in a single step, including newly describe species from marine mammals and B. abortus and B. melitensis vaccine strains

A

Bruce-ladder

70
Q

Less virulent Brucella

A

-lacks outer membrane
-produce rough colonies
-rough forms are usually eliminated unlike smooth which persist and multiply

71
Q

Brucella persist within ____ but not within____

A

-macrophage
-neutrophils

72
Q

Non-opsonized brucellae are taken up through interaction of the O side- chains of LPS with cholesterol-rich regions of the phagocyte plasma membrane, termed as

A

Lipid rafts

73
Q

Once engulfed, brucellae persist within the acidified phagosome or

A

‘Brucella-containing vacuole’

74
Q

Is important as it induces changes in gene expression of the Brucella organism, which favor intracellular survival

A

Acidification of phagosome

75
Q

Constituents of the outer membrane. Helps in the prevention of phagolysosome fusion

A

Cyclic beta-1,2-glucans

76
Q

Major mechanism for intracellular survival. Important determinant of bacterial virulence.

A

Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome function

77
Q

Effectors secreted by a type ____ secretion system encoded by the ____. Important in maturation of the vacuole and it’s transport to, and fusion with, the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

-type IV system
-virB operon

78
Q

Virulent brucellae are transported to

A

Regional lymph nodes

79
Q

Spread and localization in the reproductive organs and associated glands in sexually mature animals

A

Intermittent bacteremia

80
Q

-Acts as a growth factor for brucellae.
-Present in high concentrations in the placentae of cattle, sheep, goats and pigs
-Growth factor is also found in other organs such as mammary gland and epididymis (targets of brucellae)

A

Erythritol (polyhydric alcohol)

81
Q

-Strongly influenced by the stage gestation.
- Increases in late gestation, when the cells actively secrete steroid hormones

A

Intracellular replication in trophoblastic cells

82
Q

Organisms may localize in joints or intervertebral discs

A

Chronic brucellosis

83
Q

Responsible in part for the persistent infections seen with this pathogen.

A

brucellae may inhibit or delay the host immune repsonse

84
Q

Although each Brucella spp has its own natural host,______, ______, and ______ can infect animals other than their preferred host.

A

-B. abortus
-B. melitensis
-biotypes og B. suis

85
Q

Bovine brucellosis

A

B. abortus

86
Q

Caprine and Ovine brucellosis

A

B. melitensis

87
Q

Ovine epididymitis

88
Q

Ovine epididymitis (B. ovis):
-Rams
-Ewes

A

-epididymitis
-placentitis

89
Q

Porcine brucellosis

90
Q

B. suis:
Host: Infects pigs

A

Brucella suis biovar 1 to 3

91
Q

Brucella suis:
-wild boat (host)
-European hare (reservoir host)
-produces military lesions particularly in reproductive tract

A

B. suis biovar 2

92
Q

B. suis:
-Infects reindeer and caribou in Northern Canada, Alaska, Siberia

A

B. suis biovar 4

93
Q

B. suis:
-Infects wild rodents

A

B. suis biovar 5

94
Q

-Canine brucellosis
- Rough form (low virulence)

95
Q

Brucellosis in humans known as undulant fever

A

Severe:
-B. melitensis (Malta fever)
-B. suis biovars 1 and 2

Moderately severe:
-B. abortus

Mild:
-B. canis

POSTMIDTERM:LHE BACTE (5 decks)

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