Chapter 38: Alterations of Digestion Function Flashcards
What is vomiting?
The forceful emptying of stomach and intestinal chyme through the mouth
What is nausea?
A subjective experience associated with various conditions, including abnormal pain and labyrinthine stimulation
What is retching (dry heaves) ?
The muscular event of vomiting without the expulsion of chyme from the stomach to the mouth
What is projectile vomiting?
Spontaneous vomiting not preceded by nausea or retching
What is constipation and which population is more commonly affected?
Difficult or infrequent defecation characterized with decrease bowel movement and hard stools, affects the elderly population
Describe diarrhea and name the three major mechanisms
The presence of loose, watery stools. Three major mechanisms are osmotic diarrhea, secretory diarrhea, motility diarrhea
What is steatorrhea?
Fat in the stool
Describe gastritis and the common cause
A nonspecific inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa, most common cause is use of nonsteroidal antiflammatory drugs
What is acute gastritis?
Caused by injury of the protective mucosal barrier caused by NSAIDs because they inhibit secretion of mucus
What is chronic gastritis?
Occurs in older adults and causes chronic inflammation, mucosal atrophy, and epithelial metaplasia
What is peptic ulcer disease (PUD) ?
A break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining usually located in the stomach or proximal duodenum, can also be found in esophagus
What is appendicitis?
An inflammation of the vermiform appendix, it is the most common surgical emergency of the abdomen
Describe viral hepatitis and list the different strains
A common systemic disease that affects primarily the liver, there are HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV
Describe what cholelithiasis is
The development of gallstones, gallstones are aggregates of substances in bile
What is cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gallbladder or cystic duct
