Chapter 37: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Flashcards
What structures does the gastrointestinal tract (GI) consists of?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
List functions of the digestive system
Ingestion of food
Propulsion of food and waste from mouth to anus
Secretion of mucus, water, and enzymes
Mechanical and chemical digestion
Absorption of digested food
Elimination of waste products
Immune and microbial protection against infection
Name the four layers of the GI tract
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
What is the site for mastication?
The mouth
What are the three pairs of salivary glands?
Submandibular, sublingual, parotid
What does saliva consists of?
Water, mucus, sodium, bicarbonate, salivary amylase
Describe what salivary amylase does
Initiates the break down of carbohydrates
What is the process in which walls constrict and relax in order to propel food throughout the GI tracts?
Peristalsis
What is the difference between the upper esophageal sphincter and the lower esophageal sphincter?
The upper esophageal prevents air from entering the esophagus during respiration, the lower esophageal sphincter prevents regurgitation from the stomach to the esophagus
What are the 3 functional areas of the stomach?
Fungus, body, antrum
What hormones are secreted by the gastrointestinal mucosa?
Gastric and cholecystokinin
What is needed for intestinal absorption of Vitamin B12?
Intrinsic factor
What are the three phases of gastric secretion?
Cephalic, gastric, intestinal phase
What cell produces acid?
Parietal cells
Explain the process that involves chief cells
Release pepsinogen and the the pepsinogen is converted into pepsin
