Chapter 20: Alteration of Hormonal Regulation Flashcards
What are the two primary mechanisms that cause increase or decrease in hormone levels?
Inappropriate amount of hormone delivered by target cells and inappropriate response by target cell
What is the most common cause for hypothalamic dysfunction and what are some examples in what causes it?
Damage to the pituitary stalk caused by lesion, head injury, surgical procedure, and tumor
What happens as a result of inadequate hypothalamic hormone?
The body produces inadequate pituitary hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, and GH
What is syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and what is the common cause?
A hypersecretion of ADH commonly caused by ectopic production of ADH by tumors, pulmonary or CNS disorders, surgery and medications
What is diabetes insipidus (DI)?
A hyposecretion of ADH leading to a high loss of free water into the urine
What is the difference between Neurogenic (central) DI and Nephrogenic DI?
Neurogenic is an inadequate secretion of ADH while Nephrogenic is an inadequate response to ADH
What is Hypopituitarism and what is the most common cause?
The absence of one or more anterior pituitary hormones or the complete failure of all anterior pituitary hormones. Most common cause is pituitary infarction or lesions
What is Hyperpituitarism and what is the most common cause?
The hypersecretion of hormones of the anterior pituitary usually caused by a slow growing pituitary adenoma or tumor
There are two forms of hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH): acromegaly and giantism. What is the difference?
Acromegaly is hypersecretion of GH during adulthood while Giantism is hypersecretion in children and adolescents whole epiphysial plates have not closed
What is prolactinoma?
Hypersecretion of prolactin from tumors or prolactinomas that secrete prolactin
What is Primary thyroid disorders?
Dysfunction or disease of the thyroid resulting in either an increase or decrease in TH
What is Central (secondary) thyroid disorders?
Disorders of the pituitary glands TSH production
What is Thyrotoxicosis and how is it caused?
A condition that results from any cause of increased TH levels, can be caused by dysfunction of pituitary, thyroid gland, ectopic thyroid tissue or ingestion of TH medication
What is hyperthyroidism and what is primary and secondary hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is an excess amount of TH, primary is thyroid gland dysfunction caused by graves disease, secondary is caused by TSH secreting pituitary adenomas (tumors)
Describe Graves disease
Autoimmune disease caused by stimulation of thyroid by autoantibodies against TSH receptors. Might experience pretibial myxedema