Chapter 37 - Perioperative Flashcards
establishes or confirms a diagnosis
diagnostic
removes a part of the body that is diseased
ablative
restores functioning that has been lost or reduced (cleft lip or palate)
constructive
restores function or appearance of traumatized or malnourished tissues (skin graft for burn victim, reconstruction after cancer surgery)
reconstructive
replaced dysfunctional body part
transplantation
improves comfort and decreased pain or symptoms, but does not cure
palliative
improves personal appearance
cosmetic
surgery planned in advance. improves quality of life (hysterectomy for uterine fibroids, cholecystectomy for chronic gallbladder disease)
elective
surgery performed when the patients health condition is not immediately life threatening. Failure to have the surgical procedure performed may result in complications or death. (hip pinning for hip fracture and bowel resection to remedy a bowel obstruction)
urgent
unanticipated surgery and performed immediately to preserve the life of the patient, body part, or body function. (gunshot wound, appendectomy)
emergency
contribute to fluid and electrolyte imbalance
diuretics
increase risk for bleeding and are discontinued before surgery
anticoagulants
medication that increases risk or respiratory distress
tranquilizers
medication that increase risk of bleeding, increase risk of infection, and delay wound healing and immune response
corticosteroids
what deficiency can lead to increased bleeding
Vit. K
rare, hereditary and life threatening condition that usually occurs when inhaled general anesthetics or a neuromuscular blocking agent is administered. Causes severe muscle contractions and rapid elevation of the body temp. Fever, cyanosis, muscle rigidity, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperkalemia etc.
malignant hyperthermia
also known as conscious sedation, induces an altered state of consciousness providing a moderate to deep level of sedation
moderate sedation
causes CNS depression and puts the patient in a drug induced coma
general anesthesia
Stage of anesthesia: patient is awake, becomes drowsy and loses consciousness. Experiences analgesia or a loss of pain sensation
analgesia (1)
Anesthesia: Begins with loss of consciousness. Excitant of muscles, involuntary movement, muscles become tense, breathing may be irregular, ends with regular breating and loss of eyelid reflexes
excitement (II)
Vital singes and reflexes are depressed, skeletal muscles relax, breathing is regular, operation begins
surgical anesthesia (III)
respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata of the brain, which control breathing and other vital functions ,cease to function. Complete respiratory depression, cardiopulmonary resuscitation needed (CPR), death can occur
Medullary paralysis (IV)
disrupts the transmission of here impulses to a specific area of the body (epidural, nerve blocks)
regional anesthesia
involveds injection of anesthetic agents into the venous circulation of an extremity.
beir block
anesthetic agent is injected into the epidural space in the lumbar or thoracic region.
epidural anesthesia
anesthetic agent is injected in to the subarachnoid space. Blocks sensations in the lower body
spinal anestheisa
