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Exam 4 > Chapter 29 - Fluid, Electrolytes, > Flashcards

Chapter 29 - Fluid, Electrolytes, Flashcards

1
Q

includes cerebrospinal, synovial, peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial fluids

A

transcellular

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2
Q

movement across cell membranes

A

osmosis

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3
Q

sodium normal levels (Na)

A

135-145

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4
Q

Potassium (K) normal levels

A

3.5-5.0

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5
Q

O+ antigen present

A

Rh

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6
Q

O- antigens present

A

none

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7
Q

A+antigens present

A

A. Rh

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8
Q

A- antigens present

A

A

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9
Q

B+ antigens present

A

B, Rh

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10
Q

B- antigens present

A

B

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11
Q

AB+ antigens

A

A, B, Rh

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12
Q

AB- antigens

A

A, B

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13
Q

two blood types most likely to cause a transfusion reaction

A

ABO and Rh groups of antigents

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14
Q

universal donors

A

O

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15
Q

universal recipients

A

AB

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16
Q

moves into the cell by pump. Serum levels regulated by the kidneys though reabsorption or excretion

A

Potassium

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17
Q

moves OUT of cell by pump. Regulated by secretion of aldosterone and ANP

A

sodium

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18
Q

when is whole blood used

A

massive hemmorrhage

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19
Q

dehydration percentages

A

2% mild
5% moderate
8% severe
15%life threatening

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20
Q

fluid volume excess

A

2% gain is mild
5% gain is moderate
8% gain is severe excess

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21
Q

occurs when the sodium level is decreased in relation to body water

A

hyponatremia

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22
Q

occurs when the serum sodium levels is greater than 145 mEq/L

A

hypernatremia

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23
Q

what are the four primary causes of edema

A

hydrostatic pressure due to fluid overload, decreased production of circulating plasma proteins, obstruction of lymphatic drainage, increased capillary permeability due to tissue damage

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24
Q

also known as third spacing, develops when fluid moves into a tissue at a faster rate than it can be reabsorbed into the intravascular spaace

A

edema

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25
Q

pressure exerted by a fluid within a compartment, such as blood within the vessels. moves fluid from an area of greater pressure to an area of lesser pressure

A

hydrostatic pressure

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26
Q

continual intermingling of molecules with movement of molecules from a solution of higher concentration to a solution of lower concentration

A

diffusion

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27
Q

what is true about the ration of patients fluid intake to output

A

intake should be slightly more than output

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28
Q

what BEST reflects fluid and electrolyte imbalance in older adults

A

serum lab values. I/O only reflects FLUID

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29
Q

remove and intravenous catheter by withdrawing it along

A

the same path of its insertion to minimize injury

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30
Q

not enough sodium

A

hyponatremia

31
Q

too much sodium

A

hypernatremia

32
Q

not enough potassium

A

hypokalemia

33
Q

too much potassium

A

hyperkalemia

34
Q

clinical manifestations of ?

lethargy, confusion, weakness, muscle cramping, seizures, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,

A

hyponatremia

35
Q

clinical manifestions of?
thirst, dry sticky mucous membranes, weakness, elevated temp, severe causes confusion and irritability, decreased levels of consciousness, hallucinations and convulsions

A

hypernatremia

36
Q

clinical manifestations of?
weak, irregular pulse, fatigue, lethargy, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness and cramping, decreased peristalsis, hypoactive bowel sounds, cardia dysrhythmias, increased risk of digitalis toxicity

A

hypokalemia

37
Q

clinical manifestions of?
anxiety, irritability, confusion, dysrhythmias, including bradycardia and heart block, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, paresthesia, abdominal cramping

A

hyperkalemia

38
Q

with excess fluid volume the amount of circulating blood volume increase resulting in

A

full bounding peripheral pulses, heart rate increase

39
Q

normal levels of sodium

A

135-145

40
Q

Normal levels of potassium

A

3.5-5

41
Q

normal levels calcium

A

8.5-10.5

42
Q

normal levels of magnesium

A

1.3-2.1

43
Q

_________ focus is CNS. Seizures. Excessive fluid (hypervolemia), intestinal fluid loss, redundant diaphoresis (sweat), excessive diuretic, solutions such as hypotonic

A

hyponatremia. normal values is 135-145

44
Q

what happens with low serum albumin

A

fluid seeps into interstitial spaces (edema), weight gain, pulmonary congestion, weak and thready pulse, tachycardia,

45
Q

rapid onset:. hypertonic, excessive sweating,. Slow onset: CHF, renal failure,

A

hypernatremia

46
Q

when do you never administer a potassium IV bolus

A

hypokalemia

47
Q

anorexia, regular enemas, diuretics, ileostomy, alcoholism causes

A

hypokalemia

48
Q

deep tendon reflex, leg cramps, GI hypoactive

A

hypokalemia

49
Q

Cardiac arrest, GI hyperactive, muscle weakness

A

hyperkalemia

50
Q

confusion, muscle cramps that progress to convulsions, cardiac dysrhythmias, positive Ckvostek and Trousseau signs

A

hypocalcemia

51
Q

lethargy, decreased muscle strength and tone, constipation, dysrhythmias

A

hypercalcemia

52
Q

irritable nerves and muscles, seizures, altered LOC, hallucinations

A

hypomagnesemia

53
Q

warm flushed appearance, vomiting, lethargy, slow, shallow respirations, dysrhythmias

A

hypermagnesemia

54
Q

pH

A

7.35-7.45

55
Q

PaCO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

56
Q

HCO3

A

22-26

57
Q

PaO2

A

80-100

58
Q

O2

A

95-100

59
Q

2% loss of volume

A

mild dehydration

60
Q

5% loss of volume

A

moderate dehydration

61
Q

8% loss of volume

A

severe dehydration

62
Q

15% loss of volume

A

life threatening, death

63
Q

0.33% NS, and 0.45% NS

A

hypotonic IV

64
Q

D5W, o.9% NS, D5 0.2% NS, Lactated ringer

A

isotonic IV

65
Q

D5 0.45% NS, D5 0.9% NS, D5 LR, 3% NS

A

hypertonic IV

66
Q

IV provides sodium, choloride, and free water. allows kidneys to select amount of electrolyte to rain or excrete

A

hypotonic. 0.33% NS

67
Q

considered isotonic but becomes free water after dextrose is metabolized, then acts as hypotonic solution. Because it does not contain sodium, continued use can lead to hyponatremia. Useful in IV medication administration

A

D5W

68
Q

commonly used to reestablish normal extracellular fluid levels in patients with hypovolemia. Not used as a maintenance fluid, continued use can lead to hypernatremia

A

0.9% NS

69
Q

most commonly resembles blood plasma. contains sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and lactate. Used where there is a loss of fluid and electrolytes, as in burns or severe diarrhea

A

lactated ringer

70
Q

prolong use of NS leads to

A

hypernatremia

71
Q

prolong use of D5W primary infusion leads to

A

water intoxication

72
Q

for blood transfusions use what type of IV

A

Y type

73
Q

before beginning IV infusion

A

gather supplies, check solution, 18-20 gauge

74
Q

never piggyback meds into

A

blood transfusion

Exam 4 (9 decks)

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