Chapter 37 Flashcards
Oxygen Needs
Respiratory function is altered if even __ process is affected
1
Respiratory involves 3 processes:
* Air moves into and out of the ____
* ___ and ___ are exchanged between?
* The ______ carries O2 to the ____ and removes CO2 from them.
- Lungs
- O2 and CO2; alveoli and capillaries
- Blood; Cells
O2 and CO2 are exchanged between the ______ and ______
alveoli and capillaries
______ means that the cells do not have enough oxygen
Hypoxia
Restless, dizziness, and disorientation are early signs?
Hypoxia
The brain is very sensitive to inadequate ____
O2
All organs need ____ to function
O2
Adults normally breathe ____ to ___ times per minute
12 to 20
______ rapid breathing, respirations are more than 20 per minute
Tachypnea
_________ slow breathing, respirations are fewer than 12 per minute
Bradypnea
Apnea means?
Lack or absence of breathing
Hypoventilation means?
Breathing is slow, shallow, sometimes irregular
__________ breathing is rapid and deeper than normal
Hyperventilation
Dyspnea means?
Difficult, labored, or painful breathing
_________ respirations gradually increase in rate and depth and then become shallow and slow
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Breathing may stop for 10 to 20 seconds, what abnormal respiration is this?
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Orthopnea means?
Breathing deeply and comfortably only when sitting
What abnormal respiration causes very deep and rapid respirations?
Kussmaul respirations
What measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood?
Pulse oximetry
_______ _______ is the amount of hemoglobin containing O2
Oxygen concentration
SpO2 stands for?
Saturation of peripheral oxygen
SpO2 measures?
The amount of hemoglobin near the surface of the skin that is filled with oxygen
What is the normal oxygen concentration range
95% and 100%
If only 90% of hemoglobin contains O2, what does this mean?
Tissues do not get enough oxygen
Where does the pulse oximeter sensor attach to?
Finger, toe, earlobe, nose, or forehead
When attaching a pulse oximeter, avoid _____ sites and sites with _____ breaks
swollen; skin
What affects the pulse oximeter measurements?
Bright light, nail polish, non-natural nails, and movements
The pulse oximeter shows the _____ _____ along with the ______ _______
pulse rate; oxygen concentration
When taking the pulse oximetry, use the earlobe if there is finger movement from ______, ______, or _____
shivering, seizures, or temors
T/F: You can use finger sites with non-natural nails
FALSE: Not a good sensor site
When measuring pulse oximetry, if there is bright lights, what should you do?
Place a towel over the sensor site to block bright lights
You’re measuring a patients pulse oximetry, but they have nail polish on, what should you do?
Remove nail polish or use a different site
T/F: Measure blood pressure on the side of a finger site
FALSE: Blood pressure cuff affect blood flow
When using a pulse oximeter select and _____ the site with an ______ ______
- Clean
- Alcohol wipes
If you’re measuring blood pressure and pulse oximetry, should you use one arm for both?
No, use 1 arm for BP and the other for pulse oximetry
Check the _____ or _____ pulse with the pulse on the display of the pulse oximetry
apical or radial
Breathing is usually easier in what positions?
Semi-fowlers and Fowler’s position
Persons with difficulty breathing often prefer the _______ position
Orthopneic position
Sitting up and leaning over a table to breathe is what position?
Orthopneic position
What affects deep breathing and coughing?
Pain, immobility and some drugs
How can you increase comfort when a person is in orthopneic position?
Place a pillow on the table
When are deep-breathing and coughing exercises done?
After surgery or injury and during bed rest
Deep breathing and coughing are usually done every __ to __ hours while awake
1 to 2 hours
When assisting with deep-breathing & coughing exercises, what are the comfortable positions?
Sitting on the side of bed, fowlers, semi-fowlers
Disease, injury, and surgery often affect breathing and _____ needs
Oxygen needs
When is oxygen therapy ordered?
When the amount of O2 in the blood is less than normal (hypoxemia)
Oxygen is needed constantly or for symptom relief such as _____ pain or ________ of breath
- chest pain
- Shortness of breath
What helps relieve shortness of breath
Oxygen therapy
Who orders when to give O2?
Doctor
T/F: CNAs can give oxygen
FALSE: We do not!
What is your role in assisting with oxygen therapy?
You help provide safe care
List the oxygen supplies
- Wall outlet
- Oxygen tank
- Liquid oxygen system
- Oxygen concentrator
The portable O2 unit has enough O2 for __ to __ hours of use
8 to 20 hours
What is an oxygen concentrator?
Removes oxygen from the air
Portable oxygen tanks are used for?
Emergencies, transfers, and by persons who walk or use wheelchairs
What activities increase the need for O2?
Walking, transfering procedures, moving in bed
Pressure on the ears and cheekbones can occur from?
Nasal Cannula
_____ _______prongs are inserted into the nostrils.
Nasal Cannula
Which way do the prong openings face in a nasal cannula?
The prong openings face downward
Which type of oxygen device allows for eating and drinking?
Nasal Cannula
Moisture can build up in a what mask?
Keep the face clean and dry to prevent?
- Simple face mask
- Irritation
Which oxygen device has a reservoir bag for O2?
Non-breather mask
T/F: A patient can be left alone when using a non-breather mask
FALSE: Patient is not left alone when in use
T/F: When inhaling into a non-breather mask, suffocation can occur if there is not enough air in the bag
TRUE
Which oxygen device only allows inhalation of O2?
Non-breather mask
When can you shut off O2 flow?
When there is a fire
With oxygen safety, what should you tell the nurse at once?
- Flow rate is too high or too low
- Humidifier is not bubbling
What is the flow rate?
amount of O2 given
What is the oxygen flow rate measured in?
Liters per minute (L/min)
Where can you check for the flow rate?
Nurse or care plan
What causes pauses in breathing during sleep?
Sleep apnea
What two devices can a person with sleep apnea use?
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
- Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)
What is the difference between a CPAP and a BiPAP?
More pressure is given when breathing, less pressure in given when breathing out in a BiPAP
What are some early signs of altered respiratory function?
Dizziness, restlessness, and disorientation
