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Unit 6 Exam > Chapter 32 > Flashcards

Chapter 32 Flashcards

Exercise & Activity Needs

1
Q

Where can you find the person’s activity level & needed exercise?

A

Care plan & assignment sheet

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2
Q

______ refers to a person’s ability to move. ______ is the inability to move

A
  • Mobility
  • Immobility
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3
Q

______ whether mild or severe, affects every body system and mental well-being

A

Immobility

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4
Q

________ loss of muscle strength from inactivity

A

Deconditioning

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5
Q

________ means restricting a person to bed and limiting activity for health reasons

A

Bed rest

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6
Q

Common reasons for a patient being on bed rest are to:
* Reduce ________ needs
* Reduce ______
* Reduce ________
* Promote _________

A
  • Reduce oxygen needs
  • Reduce pain
  • Reduce swelling
  • Promote healing
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7
Q

What are the 4 types of bed rest?

A
  1. Strict (complete) bed rest
  2. Bed rest
  3. Bed rest with commode privilage
  4. Bed rest with bathroom privileges
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8
Q

What is strict bed rest?

A

Everything is done for the person. All activities of daily living (ADL) are done in bed

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9
Q

_____ rest, the person performs some ADL. Self-feeding, oral hygiene, bathing, shaving, and hair care are often allowed.

A

Bed rest

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10
Q

What serious complications can occur with immobility?

A
  • Pressure injuries
  • Constipation
  • Fecal impaction
  • Urinary Tract infection
  • Renal Calculi (kidney stones)
  • Blood clots
  • Pneumonia
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11
Q

Immobility can affect the _________ system

A

Musculo-skeletal system

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12
Q

For normal movement, you must help prevent?

A
  • Contracture
  • Atrophy
  • Postural Hypotension
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13
Q

A ________ is decreased motion and stiffness of a joint caused by shortening (________) of a muscle

A
  • Contracture
  • Contracting
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14
Q

The _______ muscle is fixed into position, is deformed and cannot stretch

A

Contracted

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15
Q

What are common sites for contractures?

A
  • Fingers, wrists, elbow, toes, ankles, knees, hips
  • Neck & spine
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16
Q

______ is the decrease in size or the wasting away of tissue

A

Atrophy

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17
Q

______ ______ is a decrease in size or a wasting away of muscle

A

Muscle atrophy

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18
Q

______ ______ is abnormally low blood pressure when the person suddenly stands up

A

Postural hypotension

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19
Q

What’s another word for fainting?

A

Syncope

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20
Q

_______ helps prevent contractures and muscle atrophy

A

Exercise

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21
Q
  • Range-of-motion exercises promote _____ _____
  • Weight-bearing exercises are needed to?
A
  • Joint mobility
  • Gain muscle stength
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22
Q

The person progresses mobility in 4 stages, what is the 1st stage?

A

Supine to Fowler’s position

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23
Q

After the patient has progressed from supine to fowler’s position, what is the 2nd stage?

A

Fowler’s position to sitting on the side of the bed

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24
Q

After the patient has progressed fowler’s position to sitting on the side of the bed, what is the 3rd stage?

A

Sitting on the side of the bed to standing

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25
Q

After the patient has progressed from sitting on the side of the bed to standing, what is the 4th stage?

A

Standing to walking or sitting in a chair

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26
Q

The patient progresses in stages from
1. Supine to Fowler’s position
2.
3. Sitting on the side of the bed to standing
4.

A
  1. Supine to Fowler’s position
  2. Fowler’s position to sittiing on the side of the bed
  3. Sitting on the side of the bed to standing
  4. Standing to walking or sitting in a chair
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27
Q

Slowly changing positions is key to preventing?

A

Postural hypotension

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28
Q

What is ROM?

A

Range of motion exercises

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29
Q

ROM exercises are done ____ times a day

A

2 times

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30
Q

The movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain is the?

A

Range of motion (ROM)

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31
Q

ROM exercies are ______, _______, or _______

A
  • Active
  • Passive
  • Active-assistive
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32
Q

Active ROM exercises are?

A

done by the person

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33
Q

What is Passive ROM (PROM) exercises?

A

You move the joints through their range of motion

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34
Q

Active-assistive ROM exercise is?

A

The person does the exercises with some help

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35
Q

_______ is moving the body part away from the mid-line of the body

A

Abduction

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36
Q

_______ is moving a body part toward the mid-line of the body

A

Adduction

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37
Q

_______ is touching an opposite finger with the thumb

A

Opposition

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38
Q

Flexion is?

A

Bending a body part

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39
Q

Extension is?

A

Straightening a body part

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40
Q

Dorsiflexion is?

A

bending the toes and foot up at the ankle

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40
Q

Hyperextension is?

A

Excessive straightening of a body part

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41
Q

Plantar flexion is?

A

Bending the foot down at the ankle

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41
Q

Rotation is?

A

Turning the joint

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42
Q

What is:

Internal rotation

A

Turning the joint inward

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43
Q

What is:

External Rotation

A

Turning the joint outward

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44
Q

What is:

Pronation

A

Turning the joint downward

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45
Q

What is:

Supination

A

Turning the joint upward

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46
Q

As each joint is exercised, what should you ask the person?

A
  • Feels that the joint cannot move any further
  • Feels pain or discomfort in the joint
  • Needs to stop or rest
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46
Q

______ the part being exercised at all times

A

Support

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47
Q

Before performing range of motion exercises, what’s the first two steps of the procedure?

A
  1. Position person in surpine
  2. Cover the person with the bath blanket. Fan fold top linens to the foot of the bed
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47
Q

When exercising the neck where can you as a CNA provide support?

A
  • Placing hands over ears
  • Support jaw with fingers
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48
Q

An ______ is a device used to support a muscle, promote a certain motion, or correct a deformity

A

Orthotic

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49
Q

What does placing your hands over the patients ears do?

A

Support the head

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50
Q

What helps prevent plantar flexion that can lead to footdrop?

A

Foot-board

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50
Q

Paralysis and muscle weakness are common reasons for ________ devices

A

Orthotic

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51
Q

______ is when the foot falls down at the ankle

A

Footdrop

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52
Q

_______ also serve as bed cradles by keeping top linens off of the feet & toes

A

Foot-board

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53
Q

What keeps the weight of top linens off of the feet & toes?

A

Bed cradle

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53
Q

Bed cradles prevent?

A

Footdrop & pressure injuries

53
Q

What prevents the hips and legs from turning outward?

A

Trochanter roll

54
Q

A _____ _____ is folded to the desired length and rolled up tightly. The _____ end is placed under the person from the ____ to the ____. The ____ is tucked along side the body

A
  • Bath blanket
  • Flat
  • hip to the knee
  • roll
55
Q

_________ keeps the hips apart

A

Hip abduction wedge

56
Q

Where is the hip abduction wedge placed?

A

Placed between the person’s legs

57
Q

______ & _____ prevents contractures of the thumb, fingers, and wrist

A

Hand rolls & Finger cushions

58
Q

What is the difference between finger cushions and hand rolls?

A

The fingers are separated in finger cushions

58
Q

______ keeps elbows, wrists, thumbs, fingers, ankles, or knees in the normal position

A

Spint

59
Q

A ______ is applied over the ankle, knee, or back

A

Brace

60
Q

What does a brace do?

A
  • Supports a weak body part
  • Prevents or corrects deformities
  • Prevents joint movement
61
Q

Ankle-foot orthosis provides ______ & ______ to the ankle and foot.

A

support & alignment

62
Q

AFO is common after a _____

A

Stroke

63
Q

AFO is common after a stroke and is also used for _______

A

footdrop

64
Q

_____ is worn with a sock and shoe and secured with a velcro strap

A

AFO

65
Q

Canes are used for?

A

Weakness on 1 side of the body

66
Q

_____ tip and ___ point (___) canes are common

A

Single-tip and 4-point (quad)

67
Q

A cane is held on which side?

A

Strong side

68
Q

Which cane will stand freely?

A

4-point (quad) cane

69
Q

Which cane needs to be securely propped in place?

A

Single-tip cane

70
Q

The tip of the cane is positioned about __ to __ inches to the side of the strong foot

A

6 to 10 inches

70
Q

T/F: The cane is moved forward along with the strong leg

A

FALSE: It’s the weak leg

71
Q

To walk, the person pushes the walker about __ to __ inches in front of the feet

A

6 to 8 inches

71
Q

A walker gives more support than a ______

A

cane

72
Q

Baskets, pouches, and trays can attach to the walker for needed items. This allows more __________

A

Independence

73
Q

T/F: You can push the walker when the person is seated in it

A

FALSE: Never push the walker when person is seated

74
Q

T/F: Crutch tips can be worn down, torn, or wet.

A

FALSE: replace worn or torn crutch tips, dry if wet

74
Q

For crutches:
* Check the crutch ____
* Check the crutches for ____

A
  • Tips
  • Flaws
75
Q

Tighten all ____ on crutches

A

bolts

75
Q

______ is the act of walking

A

Ambulation

76
Q

_______ increases as the person gains ________

A
  • Distance
  • Strength
77
Q

Before ambulating, explaining the procedure promote?

A

Comfort & reduces fear

78
Q

T/F: Encourage shuffling, sliding, and walking on tip-toes

A

FALSE! Discourage it!

79
Q

Patient is bringing the head forward. The chin touches the chest. What range of motion is this?

A

Flexion of the head

80
Q

After a patient has flexioned their neck, what is the movement called when they straighten the head?

A

Extension

81
Q

Describe the movement when a patient extensions their neck.

A

Straighten the head

82
Q

What is hyperextension of the neck?

A

Bring the head back until the chin points up

83
Q

Describe rotation of the neck

A

Turn the head from side to side

84
Q

Moving the head to the right and to the left is what joint movement?

A

Lateral flexion of the neck

85
Q

When exercising the shoulders, support the ______ with 1 hand, then support the ______ with the other hand

A
  • Wrist
  • Elbow
86
Q

Raising the arm straight up in front and over the head is what range of motion?

A
  • Flexion of the arm
  • ROM for shoulder
87
Q

What is extension of the arm?

A

Bringing the arm down

88
Q

What is hyperextension of the shoulder?

A

Moving the arm behind the body

89
Q

Hyperextension of the arm is done if the person is in a _______ _______ chair or is ________

A
  • Straight-backed
  • Standing
90
Q

What is abduction of the arm?

A

Moving the arm straight away from the body

91
Q

What is adduction of the arm?

A

Moving the straight arm to the side of the body

92
Q

Internal rotation is when you bend the _____. Place it at the same level as the _________. Move the __________ and _______ so the ________ point down

A

*Elbow
* Shoulder
* Forearm and hand
* fingers

93
Q

What ROM has you moving the forearm and hand so the fingers point up?

A

External rotation

94
Q

How many times should the patient repeat ROM?

A

5 times or the number of times stated on the care plan

95
Q

What is flexion of the elbow?

A

Bend the arm so the same-side shoulder is touched.

96
Q

When you’re straightening the arm, what ROM is this?

A

Extension of the elbow

97
Q

A patient is exercising their shoulder, which one describes extension of the arm?
1. Straighten the arm
2. Bring the arm down

A
  1. Bring the arm dwon
98
Q

A patient is exercising the forearm, what is the description for pronation?

A

Turn the hand so the palm is down

99
Q

A patient turns the hand so the palm is up, what ROM is this and for which exercise?

A
  • Supination
  • Exercise the forearm
100
Q

What is flexion of the hand?

A

Bending the hand down

100
Q

What exercises involve supporting the wrist and elbow?

A
  • Shoulder
  • Elbow
  • Forearm
101
Q

What is hyperextension of the hand?

A

Bending the hand back

102
Q

A patient is turning the hand toward their thumb, what ROM is this and for which exercise?

A
  • Radial flexion
  • Exercise the wrist
102
Q

What is extension of the hand?

A

Straighten the hand

103
Q

A patient is turning the hand toward the little finger, what ROM is this and for which exercise?

A
  • Ulnar flexion
  • Exercise the wrist
104
Q

What is opposition?

A

Touch each fingertip with the thumb

105
Q

Moving the thumb out from the inner part of the index finger is what ROM?

A

Abduction

106
Q

What is adduction of the thumb?

A

Moving the thumb back next to the index finger

107
Q

Flexion of the thumb is?

A

Bending the thumb into the hand

108
Q

Moving the thumb out to the side of the fingers is what ROM?

A

Extension

109
Q

What is abduction & adduction of the fingers?

A
  • Abduction-spread the fingers apart
  • Adduction-bring the fingers together
110
Q

Making a fist is what ROM?

A

Flexion

111
Q

Straighten the fingers so the fingers, hand, and arm are straight is what ROM?

A

Extension

112
Q

When a patient is exercising the wrist, how can you provide support?

A

Support the wrist with both hands

113
Q

When a patient is exercising the thumb, how can you provide support?

A

Support the persons hand with 1 hand, support the thumb with your other hand

114
Q

To support the leg during a hip and knee exercise, place 1 hand under the _____, then place your other hand under the _______

A
  • Knee
  • Ankle
115
Q

For the hip exercise, when you’re raising the leg, this is a _______ ROM

A

flexion

116
Q

When you’re straightening the leg, this is a _______ rom

A

extension

117
Q

What is hyperextension of the leg?

A

Move the leg behind the body

118
Q

T/F: A person does not have to be standing when doing a hyperextension of the leg

A

FALSE: You do it if the person is standing

119
Q

What is abduction of the leg?

A

Moving the leg away from the body

120
Q

What is adduction of the leg?

A

Moving the leg toward the other leg

121
Q

You’re doing a hip exercise…

  • What is internal rotation?
  • What is external rotation?
A
  • Turn the leg inward
  • Turn the leg outward
122
Q

To support the foot and ankle during an ankle or foot exercise, place 1 hand under the ______, and place your other hand under the ______

A
  • Foot
  • Ankle
122
Q

When you bend your knee, what ROM is this?

A

Flexion

123
Q

When you straighten the knee, what ROM is this?

A

Extension

124
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Pull the foot upward, push down on the heel at the same time

125
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Turn the foot down, or point the toes

126
Q

_______ is turning the outside of the foot up and the inside down

A

Pronation

127
Q

_______ is turning the inside of the foot up and the outside down

A

Supination

128
Q

What is pronation?

A

turn the outside of the foot up and the inside down

129
Q

______ is curling of the toes

A

flexion

130
Q

________ is straightening of the toes

A

extension

131
Q

__________ is spreading the toes

A

Abduction

132
Q

_____ putting the toes together

A

Adduction

Unit 6 Exam (6 decks)

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