Chapter 32 Flashcards
Exercise & Activity Needs
1
Q
Where can you find the person’s activity level & needed exercise?
A
Care plan & assignment sheet
2
Q
______ refers to a person’s ability to move. ______ is the inability to move
A
- Mobility
- Immobility
3
Q
______ whether mild or severe, affects every body system and mental well-being
A
Immobility
4
Q
________ loss of muscle strength from inactivity
A
Deconditioning
5
Q
________ means restricting a person to bed and limiting activity for health reasons
A
Bed rest
6
Q
Common reasons for a patient being on bed rest are to:
* Reduce ________ needs
* Reduce ______
* Reduce ________
* Promote _________
A
- Reduce oxygen needs
- Reduce pain
- Reduce swelling
- Promote healing
7
Q
What are the 4 types of bed rest?
A
- Strict (complete) bed rest
- Bed rest
- Bed rest with commode privilage
- Bed rest with bathroom privileges
8
Q
What is strict bed rest?
A
Everything is done for the person. All activities of daily living (ADL) are done in bed
9
Q
_____ rest, the person performs some ADL. Self-feeding, oral hygiene, bathing, shaving, and hair care are often allowed.
A
Bed rest
10
Q
What serious complications can occur with immobility?
A
- Pressure injuries
- Constipation
- Fecal impaction
- Urinary Tract infection
- Renal Calculi (kidney stones)
- Blood clots
- Pneumonia
11
Q
Immobility can affect the _________ system
A
Musculo-skeletal system
12
Q
For normal movement, you must help prevent?
A
- Contracture
- Atrophy
- Postural Hypotension
13
Q
A ________ is decreased motion and stiffness of a joint caused by shortening (________) of a muscle
A
- Contracture
- Contracting
14
Q
The _______ muscle is fixed into position, is deformed and cannot stretch
A
Contracted
15
Q
What are common sites for contractures?
A
- Fingers, wrists, elbow, toes, ankles, knees, hips
- Neck & spine
16
Q
______ is the decrease in size or the wasting away of tissue
A
Atrophy
17
Q
______ ______ is a decrease in size or a wasting away of muscle
A
Muscle atrophy
18
Q
______ ______ is abnormally low blood pressure when the person suddenly stands up
A
Postural hypotension
19
Q
What’s another word for fainting?
A
Syncope
20
Q
_______ helps prevent contractures and muscle atrophy
A
Exercise
21
Q
- Range-of-motion exercises promote _____ _____
- Weight-bearing exercises are needed to?
A
- Joint mobility
- Gain muscle stength
22
Q
The person progresses mobility in 4 stages, what is the 1st stage?
A
Supine to Fowler’s position
23
Q
After the patient has progressed from supine to fowler’s position, what is the 2nd stage?
A
Fowler’s position to sitting on the side of the bed
24
Q
After the patient has progressed fowler’s position to sitting on the side of the bed, what is the 3rd stage?
A
Sitting on the side of the bed to standing
25
After the patient has progressed from sitting on the side of the bed to standing, what is the 4th stage?
Standing to walking or sitting in a chair
26
The patient progresses in stages from
1. Supine to Fowler's position
2.
3. Sitting on the side of the bed to standing
4.
1. Supine to Fowler's position
2. Fowler's position to sittiing on the side of the bed
3. Sitting on the side of the bed to standing
4. Standing to walking or sitting in a chair
27
Slowly changing positions is key to preventing?
Postural hypotension
28
What is ROM?
Range of motion exercises
29
ROM exercises are done ____ times a day
2 times
30
The movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain is the?
Range of motion (ROM)
31
ROM exercies are ______, _______, or _______
* Active
* Passive
* Active-assistive
32
Active ROM exercises are?
done by the person
33
What is Passive ROM (PROM) exercises?
You move the joints through their range of motion
34
Active-assistive ROM exercise is?
The person does the exercises with some help
35
_______ is moving the body part away from the mid-line of the body
Abduction
36
_______ is moving a body part toward the mid-line of the body
Adduction
37
_______ is touching an opposite finger with the thumb
Opposition
38
Flexion is?
Bending a body part
39
Extension is?
Straightening a body part
40
Dorsiflexion is?
bending the toes and foot up at the ankle
40
Hyperextension is?
Excessive straightening of a body part
41
Plantar flexion is?
Bending the foot down at the ankle
41
Rotation is?
Turning the joint
42
# What is:
Internal rotation
Turning the joint inward
43
# What is:
External Rotation
Turning the joint outward
44
# What is:
Pronation
Turning the joint downward
45
# What is:
Supination
Turning the joint upward
46
As each joint is exercised, what should you ask the person?
* Feels that the joint cannot move any further
* Feels pain or discomfort in the joint
* Needs to stop or rest
46
______ the part being exercised at all times
Support
47
Before performing range of motion exercises, what's the first two steps of the procedure?
1. Position person in surpine
2. Cover the person with the bath blanket. Fan fold top linens to the foot of the bed
47
When exercising the neck where can you as a CNA provide support?
* Placing hands over ears
* Support jaw with fingers
48
An ______ is a device used to support a muscle, promote a certain motion, or correct a deformity
Orthotic
49
What does placing your hands over the patients ears do?
Support the head
50
What helps prevent plantar flexion that can lead to footdrop?
Foot-board
50
Paralysis and muscle weakness are common reasons for ________ devices
Orthotic
51
______ is when the foot falls down at the ankle
Footdrop
52
_______ also serve as bed cradles by keeping top linens off of the feet & toes
Foot-board
53
What keeps the weight of top linens off of the feet & toes?
Bed cradle
53
Bed cradles prevent?
Footdrop & pressure injuries
53
What prevents the hips and legs from turning outward?
Trochanter roll
54
A _____ _____ is folded to the desired length and rolled up tightly. The _____ end is placed under the person from the ____ to the ____. The ____ is tucked along side the body
* Bath blanket
* Flat
* hip to the knee
* roll
55
_________ keeps the hips apart
Hip abduction wedge
56
Where is the hip abduction wedge placed?
Placed between the person's legs
57
______ & _____ prevents contractures of the thumb, fingers, and wrist
Hand rolls & Finger cushions
58
What is the difference between finger cushions and hand rolls?
The fingers are separated in finger cushions
58
______ keeps elbows, wrists, thumbs, fingers, ankles, or knees in the normal position
Spint
59
A ______ is applied over the ankle, knee, or back
Brace
60
What does a brace do?
* Supports a weak body part
* Prevents or corrects deformities
* Prevents joint movement
61
Ankle-foot orthosis provides ______ & ______ to the ankle and foot.
support & alignment
62
AFO is common after a _____
Stroke
63
AFO is common after a stroke and is also used for _______
footdrop
64
_____ is worn with a sock and shoe and secured with a velcro strap
AFO
65
Canes are used for?
Weakness on 1 side of the body
66
_____ tip and ___ point (___) canes are common
Single-tip and 4-point (quad)
67
A cane is held on which side?
Strong side
68
Which cane will stand freely?
4-point (quad) cane
69
Which cane needs to be securely propped in place?
Single-tip cane
70
The tip of the cane is positioned about __ to __ inches to the side of the strong foot
6 to 10 inches
70
T/F: The cane is moved forward along with the strong leg
FALSE: It's the weak leg
71
To walk, the person pushes the walker about __ to __ inches in front of the feet
6 to 8 inches
71
A walker gives more support than a ______
cane
72
Baskets, pouches, and trays can attach to the walker for needed items. This allows more __________
Independence
73
T/F: You can push the walker when the person is seated in it
FALSE: Never push the walker when person is seated
74
T/F: Crutch tips can be worn down, torn, or wet.
FALSE: replace worn or torn crutch tips, dry if wet
74
For crutches:
* Check the crutch ____
* Check the crutches for ____
* Tips
* Flaws
75
Tighten all ____ on crutches
bolts
75
______ is the act of walking
Ambulation
76
_______ increases as the person gains ________
* Distance
* Strength
77
Before ambulating, explaining the procedure promote?
Comfort & reduces fear
78
T/F: Encourage shuffling, sliding, and walking on tip-toes
FALSE! Discourage it!
79
Patient is bringing the head forward. The chin touches the chest. What range of motion is this?
Flexion of the head
80
After a patient has flexioned their neck, what is the movement called when they straighten the head?
Extension
81
Describe the movement when a patient extensions their neck.
Straighten the head
82
What is hyperextension of the neck?
Bring the head back until the chin points up
83
Describe rotation of the neck
Turn the head from side to side
84
Moving the head to the right and to the left is what joint movement?
Lateral flexion of the neck
85
When exercising the shoulders, support the ______ with 1 hand, then support the ______ with the other hand
* Wrist
* Elbow
86
Raising the arm straight up in front and over the head is what range of motion?
* Flexion of the arm
* ROM for shoulder
87
What is extension of the arm?
Bringing the arm down
88
What is hyperextension of the shoulder?
Moving the arm behind the body
89
Hyperextension of the arm is done if the person is in a _______ _______ chair or is ________
* Straight-backed
* Standing
90
What is abduction of the arm?
Moving the arm straight away from the body
91
What is adduction of the arm?
Moving the straight arm to the side of the body
92
Internal rotation is when you bend the _____. Place it at the same level as the _________. Move the __________ and _______ so the ________ point down
*Elbow
* Shoulder
* Forearm and hand
* fingers
93
What ROM has you moving the forearm and hand so the fingers point up?
External rotation
94
How many times should the patient repeat ROM?
5 times or the number of times stated on the care plan
95
What is flexion of the elbow?
Bend the arm so the same-side shoulder is touched.
96
When you're straightening the arm, what ROM is this?
Extension of the elbow
97
A patient is exercising their shoulder, which one describes extension of the arm?
1. Straighten the arm
2. Bring the arm down
2. Bring the arm dwon
98
A patient is exercising the forearm, what is the description for pronation?
Turn the hand so the palm is down
99
A patient turns the hand so the palm is up, what ROM is this and for which exercise?
* Supination
* Exercise the forearm
100
What is flexion of the hand?
Bending the hand down
100
What exercises involve supporting the wrist and elbow?
* Shoulder
* Elbow
* Forearm
101
What is hyperextension of the hand?
Bending the hand back
102
A patient is turning the hand toward their thumb, what ROM is this and for which exercise?
* Radial flexion
* Exercise the wrist
102
What is extension of the hand?
Straighten the hand
103
A patient is turning the hand toward the little finger, what ROM is this and for which exercise?
* Ulnar flexion
* Exercise the wrist
104
What is opposition?
Touch each fingertip with the thumb
105
Moving the thumb out from the inner part of the index finger is what ROM?
Abduction
106
What is adduction of the thumb?
Moving the thumb back next to the index finger
107
Flexion of the thumb is?
Bending the thumb into the hand
108
Moving the thumb out to the side of the fingers is what ROM?
Extension
109
What is abduction & adduction of the fingers?
* Abduction-spread the fingers apart
* Adduction-bring the fingers together
110
Making a fist is what ROM?
Flexion
111
Straighten the fingers so the fingers, hand, and arm are straight is what ROM?
Extension
112
When a patient is exercising the wrist, how can you provide support?
Support the wrist with both hands
113
When a patient is exercising the thumb, how can you provide support?
Support the persons hand with 1 hand, support the thumb with your other hand
114
To support the leg during a hip and knee exercise, place 1 hand under the _____, then place your other hand under the _______
* Knee
* Ankle
115
For the hip exercise, when you're raising the leg, this is a _______ ROM
flexion
116
When you're straightening the leg, this is a _______ rom
extension
117
What is hyperextension of the leg?
Move the leg behind the body
118
T/F: A person does not have to be standing when doing a hyperextension of the leg
FALSE: You do it if the person is standing
119
What is abduction of the leg?
Moving the leg away from the body
120
What is adduction of the leg?
Moving the leg toward the other leg
121
# You're doing a hip exercise...
* What is internal rotation?
* What is external rotation?
* Turn the leg inward
* Turn the leg outward
122
To support the foot and ankle during an ankle or foot exercise, place 1 hand under the ______, and place your other hand under the ______
* Foot
* Ankle
122
When you bend your knee, what ROM is this?
Flexion
123
When you straighten the knee, what ROM is this?
Extension
124
What is dorsiflexion?
Pull the foot upward, push down on the heel at the same time
125
What is plantar flexion?
Turn the foot down, or point the toes
126
_______ is turning the outside of the foot up and the inside down
Pronation
127
_______ is turning the inside of the foot up and the outside down
Supination
128
What is pronation?
turn the outside of the foot up and the inside down
129
______ is curling of the toes
flexion
130
________ is straightening of the toes
extension
131
__________ is spreading the toes
Abduction
132
_____ putting the toes together
Adduction
